Data / Rankings / Natural change rate / NUTS 3 areas of Germany

NUTS 3 areas of Germany by natural change rate

München, Kreisfreie Stadt had the highest natural change rate of 400 areas in 2021, at 4 per 1,000 inhabitants. Saalfeld-Rudolstadt had the lowest, at -14.4 per 1,000 inhabitants. The median was -3.1 per 1,000 inhabitants and the figure for Germany was -2.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest4München, Kreisfreie Stadt
Lowest-14.4Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Median-3.1400 areas
Germany-2.7History

Top 40 areas, 2021

München, Kreisfreie Stadt: 4 per 1,000 inhabitantsMünchen, Kreisfreie Stadt4Frankfurt am Main, Kreisfreie Stadt: 2.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsFrankfurt am Main, Kreisfreie Sta…2.9Freiburg im Breisgau, Stadtkreis: 2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsFreiburg im Breisgau, Stadtkreis2.8Vechta: 2.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsVechta2.4Eichstätt: 2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsEichstätt2.3Freising: 2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsFreising2.3Offenbach am Main, Kreisfreie Stadt: 2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsOffenbach am Main, Kreisfreie Sta…2.3Cloppenburg: 2.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsCloppenburg2.1Heidelberg, Stadtkreis: 2 per 1,000 inhabitantsHeidelberg, Stadtkreis2Stuttgart, Stadtkreis: 1.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsStuttgart, Stadtkreis1.9Erding: 1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsErding1.7Tübingen, Landkreis: 1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsTübingen, Landkreis1.7Mainz, Kreisfreie Stadt: 1.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsMainz, Kreisfreie Stadt1.5Pfaffenhofen a. d. Ilm: 1.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsPfaffenhofen a. d. Ilm1.4Böblingen: 1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsBöblingen1.3Ingolstadt, Kreisfreie Stadt: 1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsIngolstadt, Kreisfreie Stadt1.3Ulm, Stadtkreis: 1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsUlm, Stadtkreis1.3Alb-Donau-Kreis: 1.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsAlb-Donau-Kreis1.2Darmstadt, Kreisfreie Stadt: 1.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsDarmstadt, Kreisfreie Stadt1.2Hamburg: 1.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsHamburg1.2Ebersberg: 1 per 1,000 inhabitantsEbersberg1Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt: 1 per 1,000 inhabitantsKöln, Kreisfreie Stadt1Landshut, Landkreis: 0.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsLandshut, Landkreis0.9Biberach: 0.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsBiberach0.8Bonn, Kreisfreie Stadt: 0.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsBonn, Kreisfreie Stadt0.8Ludwigsburg: 0.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLudwigsburg0.7Dachau: 0.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsDachau0.6Groß-Gerau: 0.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsGroß-Gerau0.6Münster, Kreisfreie Stadt: 0.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsMünster, Kreisfreie Stadt0.6Paderborn: 0.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsPaderborn0.6Neu-Ulm: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsNeu-Ulm0.5Neuburg-Schrobenhausen: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsNeuburg-Schrobenhausen0.5Osnabrück, Kreisfreie Stadt: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsOsnabrück, Kreisfreie Stadt0.5Regensburg, Kreisfreie Stadt: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsRegensburg, Kreisfreie Stadt0.5Berlin: 0.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBerlin0.4Grafschaft Bentheim: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsGrafschaft Bentheim0.3Kaiserslautern, Landkreis: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsKaiserslautern, Landkreis0.3Ravensburg: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsRavensburg0.3Wiesbaden, Kreisfreie Stadt: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsWiesbaden, Kreisfreie Stadt0.3Aichach-Friedberg: 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsAichach-Friedberg0.2
per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankAreas2021
per 1,000 inhabitants		Change on 2020
1München, Kreisfreie Stadt4+0.4 pts
2Frankfurt am Main, Kreisfreie Stadt2.9-0.4 pts
3Freiburg im Breisgau, Stadtkreis2.80 pts
4Vechta2.4+0.3 pts
5Eichstätt2.3+0.3 pts
5Freising2.3+0.1 pts
5Offenbach am Main, Kreisfreie Stadt2.3-0.8 pts
8Cloppenburg2.1+0.4 pts
9Heidelberg, Stadtkreis2+0.3 pts
10Stuttgart, Stadtkreis1.9+0.3 pts
11Erding1.7+0.6 pts
11Tübingen, Landkreis1.7-0.3 pts
13Mainz, Kreisfreie Stadt1.5+0.2 pts
14Pfaffenhofen a. d. Ilm1.4+1.5 pts
15Böblingen1.3+0.2 pts
15Ingolstadt, Kreisfreie Stadt1.3-0.4 pts
15Ulm, Stadtkreis1.3+0.8 pts
18Alb-Donau-Kreis1.2+0.9 pts
18Darmstadt, Kreisfreie Stadt1.2-0.3 pts
18Hamburg1.2+0.1 pts
21Ebersberg1+0.7 pts
21Köln, Kreisfreie Stadt1+0.2 pts
23Landshut, Landkreis0.9+0.8 pts
24Biberach0.8-0.3 pts
24Bonn, Kreisfreie Stadt0.8+0.1 pts
26Ludwigsburg0.7+0.4 pts
27Dachau0.6+0.4 pts
27Groß-Gerau0.6+0.9 pts
27Münster, Kreisfreie Stadt0.6-0.4 pts
27Paderborn0.6-0.1 pts
31Neu-Ulm0.5+0.9 pts
31Neuburg-Schrobenhausen0.5+1.2 pts
31Osnabrück, Kreisfreie Stadt0.5+1.4 pts
31Regensburg, Kreisfreie Stadt0.5-0.6 pts
35Berlin0.4+0.1 pts
36Grafschaft Bentheim0.3+1.5 pts
36Kaiserslautern, Landkreis0.3+0.4 pts
36Ravensburg0.3+0.2 pts
36Wiesbaden, Kreisfreie Stadt0.30 pts
40Aichach-Friedberg0.20 pts
41Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald0.1+0.5 pts
41Heilbronn, Landkreis0.1-0.7 pts
41Oldenburg (Oldenburg), Kreisfreie Stadt0.1+0.2 pts
44Borken0+0.6 pts
44Dingolfing-Landau0+1.4 pts
44Esslingen0+0.3 pts
44Kelheim0+0.5 pts
44Potsdam, Kreisfreie Stadt0+0.5 pts
44Rosenheim, Kreisfreie Stadt0-1.6 pts
44Schwäbisch Hall0+1 pts
44Tuttlingen0-0.3 pts
52Düsseldorf, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.2-0.5 pts
52Landsberg am Lech-0.2-0.5 pts
52Ostallgäu-0.20 pts
52Würzburg, Landkreis-0.2+0.4 pts
56Dillingen a.d. Donau-0.3+0.2 pts
56Reutlingen-0.3+0.6 pts
56Straubing-Bogen-0.3+0.1 pts
59Günzburg-0.4+0.2 pts
59Hohenlohekreis-0.4+0.6 pts
59Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.4-0.3 pts
59Mannheim, Stadtkreis-0.4+0.5 pts
63Delmenhorst, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.5+1.3 pts
63Emsland-0.5-0.2 pts
63Fürstenfeldbruck-0.5-0.2 pts
63Karlsruhe, Stadtkreis-0.5+0.1 pts
63München, Landkreis-0.50 pts
68Augsburg, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.6+0.7 pts
68Emmendingen-0.6+0.4 pts
68Erlangen, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.6-1.3 pts
68Oberallgäu-0.6+0.5 pts
68Pforzheim, Stadtkreis-0.60 pts
68Regensburg, Landkreis-0.6+0.2 pts
68Trier, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.6+0.4 pts
68Unterallgäu-0.6+0.3 pts
76Fürth, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.7-0.8 pts
76Gütersloh-0.70 pts
76Main-Taunus-Kreis-0.7+0.1 pts
76Offenbach, Landkreis-0.7+0.5 pts
76Rems-Murr-Kreis-0.7+0.5 pts
76Steinfurt-0.7+0.2 pts
82Bielefeld, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.8-0.1 pts
83Gießen, Landkreis-0.9+0.1 pts
83Kassel, Kreisfreie Stadt-0.9-0.9 pts
85Augsburg, Landkreis-1-0.6 pts
85Erlangen-Höchstadt-1-0.4 pts
85Leipzig, Kreisfreie Stadt-1-0.8 pts
88Alzey-Worms-1.1-0.2 pts
88Calw-1.1-0.2 pts
88Germersheim-1.1+0.8 pts
88Kempten (Allgäu), Kreisfreie Stadt-1.10 pts
88Kiel, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.1-0.4 pts
88Ostalbkreis-1.1+0.6 pts
88Rottweil-1.1+0.4 pts
95Heilbronn, Stadtkreis-1.2-0.6 pts
95Osnabrück, Landkreis-1.2+0.5 pts
97Bamberg, Landkreis-1.3-0.3 pts
97Bodenseekreis-1.3-0.5 pts
97Bremen, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.3+0.2 pts
97Donau-Ries-1.3-0.2 pts
97Enzkreis-1.3+0.8 pts
97Konstanz-1.3-0.2 pts
97Memmingen, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.3-0.8 pts
97Neumarkt i. d. OPf.-1.3-0.5 pts
97Weilheim-Schongau-1.3-0.3 pts
106Aschaffenburg, Landkreis-1.4+1.2 pts
106Coesfeld-1.4-0.5 pts
106Forchheim-1.4-0.4 pts
106Lörrach-1.4+0.6 pts
106Nürnberg, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.4+0.3 pts
106Ortenaukreis-1.4+0.4 pts
106Peine-1.4+0.9 pts
106Worms, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.4-0.1 pts
106Würzburg, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.4-0.7 pts
115Freudenstadt-1.5+1.1 pts
115Jena, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.5-1 pts
115Landshut, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.5-0.1 pts
115Mainz-Bingen-1.5+0.3 pts
115Neustadt a. d. Waldnaab-1.5+0.3 pts
115Rhein-Neckar-Kreis-1.5+0.4 pts
115Rosenheim, Landkreis-1.5+0.9 pts
115Sigmaringen-1.5-0.4 pts
123Darmstadt-Dieburg-1.6+0.1 pts
123Dresden, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.6-0.8 pts
123Gifhorn-1.6-1 pts
123Rhein-Erft-Kreis-1.6+0.6 pts
123Wolfsburg, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.6+0.6 pts
128Leverkusen, Kreisfreie Stadt-1.7-0.4 pts
128Warendorf-1.7+0.1 pts
130Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen-1.8-1.3 pts
130Karlsruhe, Landkreis-1.80 pts
130Region Hannover-1.8-0.3 pts
133Ansbach, Landkreis-1.9+0.1 pts
133Göppingen-1.9+0.3 pts
133Harburg-1.9+0.5 pts
133Main-Kinzig-Kreis-1.9+0.3 pts
133Miesbach-1.9+0.5 pts
133Starnberg-1.90 pts
139Bamberg, Kreisfreie Stadt-2-0.7 pts
139Kitzingen-2-0.1 pts
139Rhein-Kreis Neuss-2+0.4 pts
139Rhein-Sieg-Kreis-2-0.2 pts
139Roth-2-0.2 pts
144Haßberge-2.1-0.5 pts
144Mühldorf a. Inn-2.1+0.7 pts
144Stade-2.1-0.1 pts
147Aschaffenburg, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.2-0.6 pts
147Braunschweig, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.2+0.3 pts
147Dortmund, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.2-0.1 pts
147Lüneburg, Landkreis-2.2-0.6 pts
147Miltenberg-2.2-0.1 pts
147Schweinfurt, Landkreis-2.2-0.6 pts
147Städteregion Aachen-2.2-0.1 pts
154Ammerland-2.3+0.5 pts
154Lindau (Bodensee)-2.3+0.5 pts
154Nürnberger Land-2.3+0.7 pts
154Verden-2.3+0.2 pts
154Wuppertal, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.3+0.5 pts
159Amberg-Sulzbach-2.4+0.7 pts
159Flensburg, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.4-0.6 pts
159Marburg-Biedenkopf-2.4+0.3 pts
159Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis-2.4-0.8 pts
159Segeberg-2.4-0.2 pts
159Trier-Saarburg-2.4+0.2 pts
159Wetteraukreis-2.4+0.2 pts
166Fulda-2.5-0.8 pts
166Neustadt a. d. Aisch-Bad Windsheim-2.5-0.4 pts
166Neuwied-2.5+1 pts
166Olpe-2.5+0.2 pts
166Schwandorf-2.5-0.1 pts
171Garmisch-Partenkirchen-2.6+0.4 pts
171Koblenz, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.6+0.1 pts
171Landau in der Pfalz, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.6-0.9 pts
171Leer-2.6-0.5 pts
171Main-Tauber-Kreis-2.6+0.4 pts
171Salzgitter, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.6+0.6 pts
171Traunstein-2.6+0.4 pts
178Duisburg, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.7+0.5 pts
178Düren-2.7+0.4 pts
178Frankenthal (Pfalz), Kreisfreie Stadt-2.7-0.7 pts
178Heidenheim-2.7-0.1 pts
178Kaiserslautern, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.7-1.6 pts
178Kaufbeuren, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.7+0.7 pts
178Oldenburg, Landkreis-2.7+0.5 pts
178Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis-2.7+0.4 pts
178Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis-2.7+0.9 pts
178Schwabach, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.7+2.1 pts
178Zollernalbkreis-2.7+0.5 pts
189Kleve-2.80 pts
189Minden-Lübbecke-2.80 pts
189Mönchengladbach, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.8+0.3 pts
189Rastatt-2.8-0.5 pts
189Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen-2.8-0.2 pts
194Fürth, Landkreis-2.9+0.1 pts
194Gelsenkirchen, Kreisfreie Stadt-2.9+0.2 pts
194Südliche Weinstraße-2.9+0.8 pts
197Ansbach, Kreisfreie Stadt-3-1.9 pts
197Bergstraße-3+0.2 pts
197Diepholz-3+0.5 pts
197Westerwaldkreis-3-0.8 pts
201Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm-3.1-0.9 pts
201Heinsberg-3.1-0.2 pts
201Mayen-Koblenz-3.1-0.3 pts
201Osterholz-3.1+0.9 pts
201Siegen-Wittgenstein-3.1+0.3 pts
206Altötting-3.2+0.2 pts
206Deggendorf-3.2+0.1 pts
206Hagen, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.2+0.9 pts
206Herzogtum Lauenburg-3.2+0.1 pts
206Hochtaunuskreis-3.2+0.3 pts
206Rotenburg (Wümme)-3.2-0.8 pts
206Soest-3.2-0.1 pts
213Hamm, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.3-0.1 pts
213Herford-3.3-0.1 pts
213Pinneberg-3.3-0.7 pts
216Bernkastel-Wittlich-3.4+0.1 pts
216Essen, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.4-0.6 pts
216Waldshut-3.4+0.5 pts
219Passau, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.5+0.2 pts
220Heidekreis-3.6-0.1 pts
220Lippe-3.6-0.3 pts
220Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis-3.6-0.5 pts
220Rendsburg-Eckernförde-3.6+0.1 pts
220Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis-3.6+0.5 pts
220Speyer, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.6+1.1 pts
220Viersen-3.6+0.2 pts
227Bad Kreuznach-3.8+0.6 pts
227Bochum, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.8-0.6 pts
227Celle-3.8+0.4 pts
227Cham-3.8-0.9 pts
227Lahn-Dill-Kreis-3.8-0.4 pts
227Oberbergischer Kreis-3.8-0.9 pts
233Hochsauerlandkreis-3.9-0.5 pts
233Höxter-3.9-0.4 pts
233Krefeld, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.9-0.1 pts
233Rottal-Inn-3.9+0.4 pts
233Schleswig-Flensburg-3.9-0.1 pts
233Straubing, Kreisfreie Stadt-3.9-0.5 pts
239Bremerhaven, Kreisfreie Stadt-4-1.2 pts
239Euskirchen-40 pts
241Baden-Baden, Stadtkreis-4.1+0.2 pts
241Erfurt, Kreisfreie Stadt-4.1-2 pts
241Limburg-Weilburg-4.1-0.3 pts
241Stormarn-4.1-0.3 pts
245Bayreuth, Landkreis-4.2+0.8 pts
245Neumünster, Kreisfreie Stadt-4.2+1 pts
245Remscheid, Kreisfreie Stadt-4.2-0.5 pts
245Solingen, Kreisfreie Stadt-4.2-0.2 pts
249Altenkirchen (Westerwald)-4.3-0.9 pts
249Berchtesgadener Land-4.3-0.7 pts

Showing the top 250 of 400. The Excel download has every row.

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year per 1,000 average residents (Eurostat crude rate of natural change).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the areas are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_r_gind3/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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Questions

Which area has the highest natural change rate?

München, Kreisfreie Stadt, with 4 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2021, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which area has the lowest natural change rate?

Saalfeld-Rudolstadt, with -14.4 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population, by NUTS 2 and 3 region (demo_r_gind3). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Natural change rate: other rankings

NUTS 3 areas of Germany: more rankings