Data / Rankings / Material and social deprivation rate / EU countries

EU countries by material and social deprivation rate

Romania had the highest material and social deprivation rate of 27 EU countries in 2018, at 43.5%. Sweden had the lowest, at 3.4%. The median was 12.3% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 13.5%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest43.5Romania
Lowest3.4Sweden
Median12.327 EU countries
European Union (27)13.5History

Map of EU countries, 2018

Austria: 5.7 %Belgium: 11.7 %Bulgaria: 35.9 %Cyprus: 15.5 %Czechia: 6 %Germany: 7.6 %Denmark: 8.1 %Estonia: 8.4 %Spain: 15.3 %Finland: 5.3 %France: 12.8 %Greece: 34.2 %Croatia: 12.3 %Hungary: 20.3 %Ireland: 12.4 %Italy: 12.7 %Lithuania: 24.4 %Luxembourg: 4.5 %Latvia: 20.8 %Malta: 9.6 %Netherlands: 6.3 %Poland: 9.8 %Portugal: 14.6 %Romania: 43.5 %Sweden: 3.4 %Slovenia: 8.8 %Slovakia: 12.3 %
  • Under 6.6
  • 6.6 to 9.7
  • 9.7 to 13
  • 13 to 19
  • 19 and over
%, 2018. Source: Eurostat, Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2018

Romania: 43.5 %Romania43.5Bulgaria: 35.9 %Bulgaria35.9Greece: 34.2 %Greece34.2Lithuania: 24.4 %Lithuania24.4Latvia: 20.8 %Latvia20.8Hungary: 20.3 %Hungary20.3Cyprus: 15.5 %Cyprus15.5Spain: 15.3 %Spain15.3Portugal: 14.6 %Portugal14.6France: 12.8 %France12.8Italy: 12.7 %Italy12.7Ireland: 12.4 %Ireland12.4Croatia: 12.3 %Croatia12.3Slovakia: 12.3 %Slovakia12.3Belgium: 11.7 %Belgium11.7Poland: 9.8 %Poland9.8Malta: 9.6 %Malta9.6Slovenia: 8.8 %Slovenia8.8Estonia: 8.4 %Estonia8.4Denmark: 8.1 %Denmark8.1Germany: 7.6 %Germany7.6Netherlands: 6.3 %Netherlands6.3Czechia: 6 %Czechia6Austria: 5.7 %Austria5.7Finland: 5.3 %Finland5.3Luxembourg: 4.5 %Luxembourg4.5Sweden: 3.4 %Sweden3.4Romania: 43.5 %Romania43.5Bulgaria: 35.9 %Bulgaria35.9Greece: 34.2 %Greece34.2Lithuania: 24.4 %Lithuania24.4Latvia: 20.8 %Latvia20.8Hungary: 20.3 %Hungary20.3Cyprus: 15.5 %Cyprus15.5Spain: 15.3 %Spain15.3Portugal: 14.6 %Portugal14.6France: 12.8 %France12.8Italy: 12.7 %Italy12.7Ireland: 12.4 %Ireland12.4Croatia: 12.3 %Croatia12.3Slovakia: 12.3 %Slovakia12.3Belgium: 11.7 %Belgium11.7Poland: 9.8 %Poland9.8Malta: 9.6 %Malta9.6Slovenia: 8.8 %Slovenia8.8Estonia: 8.4 %Estonia8.4Denmark: 8.1 %Denmark8.1Germany: 7.6 %Germany7.6Netherlands: 6.3 %Netherlands6.3Czechia: 6 %Czechia6Austria: 5.7 %Austria5.7Finland: 5.3 %Finland5.3Luxembourg: 4.5 %Luxembourg4.5Sweden: 3.4 %Sweden3.4
%. Source: Eurostat, Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2018 (%)Change on 2017
1Romania43.5-4.9 pts
2Bulgaria35.9-9.1 pts
3Greece34.2-1.2 pts
4Lithuania24.4-2.2 pts
5Latvia20.8-4.9 pts
6Hungary20.3-5.3 pts
7Cyprus15.5-2 pts
8Spain15.3+0.3 pts
9Portugal14.6-2.4 pts
10France12.8+0.4 pts
11Italy12.70 pts
12Ireland12.4-2.1 pts
13Croatia12.3-2.4 pts
13Slovakia12.3-1.2 pts
15Belgium11.7-0.5 pts
16Poland9.8-1.8 pts
17Malta9.6+1.1 pts
18Slovenia8.8-1.8 pts
19Estonia8.4-1.6 pts
20Denmark8.1+0.6 pts
21Germany7.6-0.7 pts
22Netherlands6.3-0.1 pts
23Czechia6-1.9 pts
24Austria5.7-1.2 pts
25Finland5.3-0.1 pts
26Luxembourg4.5+0.5 pts
27Sweden3.4+0.5 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Share of the population that cannot afford at least 5 of 13 deprivation items (EU-SILC).

More on how it is measured
  • The 13 items are 7 for the household (facing unexpected expenses, a one-week holiday away from home, avoiding arrears on rent, mortgage, utility bills or loans, a meal with meat, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day, keeping the home adequately warm, a car, replacing worn-out furniture) and 6 for the person (an internet connection, replacing worn-out clothes, two pairs of properly fitting shoes, spending a small amount of money each week on oneself, regular leisure activities, getting together with friends or family for a drink or meal at least once a month).

The broader of the two EU deprivation rates, from 2014. The severe rate (7 or more items) is severe_material_social_deprivation_rate. It measures what people cannot afford, not income.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07) (EU countries by material and social deprivation rate, 2018) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table

MLA 9

Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07), EU countries by material and social deprivation rate, 2018. Eurostat, European Commission, 17 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2018. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07). EU countries by material and social deprivation rate, 2018. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2018.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07), EU countries by material and social deprivation rate, 2018 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2018 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_material_2018,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd07): EU countries by material and social deprivation rate, 2018}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2018. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdsd07). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc\_mdsd07/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07): EU countries by material and social deprivation rate, 2018
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/17
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2018
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/material-social-deprivation/eu-countries?period=2018.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdsd07/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest material and social deprivation rate?

Romania, with 43.5% in 2018, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest material and social deprivation rate?

Sweden, with 3.4% in 2018.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd07). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

EU countries: more rankings