Data / Rankings / Household revolving loan and overdraft rate / EU countries

EU countries by household revolving loan and overdraft rate

Latvia had the highest household revolving loan and overdraft rate of 21 EU countries in September 2025, at 14.28%. Luxembourg had the lowest, at 3.15%. The median was 5.7%. Source: the European Central Bank.

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Highest14.28Latvia
Lowest3.15Luxembourg
Median5.721 EU countries

Map of EU countries, September 2025

Austria: 5.7 %Belgium: 4.92 %Bulgaria: 4.04 %Cyprus: 4.74 %Germany: 9.47 %Estonia: 14.19 %Spain: 5.62 %Finland: 7.14 %France: 9.28 %Greece: 8.34 %Croatia: 5.18 %Ireland: 7.36 %Italy: 4.73 %Lithuania: 5.31 %Luxembourg: 3.15 %Latvia: 14.28 %Malta: 5.46 %Netherlands: 5.55 %Portugal: 9.11 %Slovenia: 9.68 %Slovakia: 12.47 %
  • Under 4.9
  • 4.9 to 5.5
  • 5.5 to 7.4
  • 7.4 to 9.5
  • 9.5 and over
  • No data
%, September 2025. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: ECB, ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, September 2025

Latvia: 14.28 %Latvia14.28Estonia: 14.19 %Estonia14.19Slovakia: 12.47 %Slovakia12.47Slovenia: 9.68 %Slovenia9.68Germany: 9.47 %Germany9.47France: 9.28 %France9.28Portugal: 9.11 %Portugal9.11Greece: 8.34 %Greece8.34Ireland: 7.36 %Ireland7.36Finland: 7.14 %Finland7.14Austria: 5.7 %Austria5.7Spain: 5.62 %Spain5.62Netherlands: 5.55 %Netherlands5.55Malta: 5.46 %Malta5.46Lithuania: 5.31 %Lithuania5.31Croatia: 5.18 %Croatia5.18Belgium: 4.92 %Belgium4.92Cyprus: 4.74 %Cyprus4.74Italy: 4.73 %Italy4.73Bulgaria: 4.04 %Bulgaria4.04Luxembourg: 3.15 %Luxembourg3.15Latvia: 14.28 %Latvia14.28Estonia: 14.19 %Estonia14.19Slovakia: 12.47 %Slovakia12.47Slovenia: 9.68 %Slovenia9.68Germany: 9.47 %Germany9.47France: 9.28 %France9.28Portugal: 9.11 %Portugal9.11Greece: 8.34 %Greece8.34Ireland: 7.36 %Ireland7.36Finland: 7.14 %Finland7.14Austria: 5.7 %Austria5.7Spain: 5.62 %Spain5.62Netherlands: 5.55 %Netherlands5.55Malta: 5.46 %Malta5.46Lithuania: 5.31 %Lithuania5.31Croatia: 5.18 %Croatia5.18Belgium: 4.92 %Belgium4.92Cyprus: 4.74 %Cyprus4.74Italy: 4.73 %Italy4.73Bulgaria: 4.04 %Bulgaria4.04Luxembourg: 3.15 %Luxembourg3.15
%. Source: ECB, ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countriesSeptember 2025 (%)Change on September 2024
1Latvia14.28-3.81 pts
2Estonia14.19-0.42 pts
3Slovakia12.47-0.13 pts
4Slovenia9.68-1.98 pts
5Germany9.47-1.63 pts
6France9.28+0.3 pts
7Portugal9.11-0.81 pts
8Greece8.34-0.69 pts
9Ireland7.36-0.74 pts
10Finland7.14-0.87 pts
11Austria5.7-1 pts
12Spain5.62-1.07 pts
13Netherlands5.55-0.22 pts
14Malta5.46-0.06 pts
15Lithuania5.31-1.67 pts
16Croatia5.18-0.45 pts
17Belgium4.92-1.25 pts
18Cyprus4.74-0.97 pts
19Italy4.73-1.4 pts
20Bulgaria4.04-0.61 pts
21Luxembourg3.15-1.7 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Annualised interest rate reported monthly on euro revolving loans and overdrafts to households.

For this instrument the ECB extends new-business coverage to the whole outstanding amount. The rate therefore covers existing balances and is not restricted to new flows during the month. Annualised agreed rates or narrowly defined effective rates (AAR/NDER) cover interest and exclude fees and other charges. Household figures include non-profit institutions serving households. Corporations are non-financial companies. The euro area aggregate has changing membership. Country histories vary and missing values are not filled.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

European Central Bank. ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

European Central Bank. (n.d.). ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N) (EU countries by household revolving loan and overdraft rate, 2025-09) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01

MLA 9

ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N), EU countries by household revolving loan and overdraft rate, 2025-09. European Central Bank, https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-revolving-loan-and-overdraft-rate/eu-countries?period=2025-09. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

European Central Bank. n.d. ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N). EU countries by household revolving loan and overdraft rate, 2025-09. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-revolving-loan-and-overdraft-rate/eu-countries?period=2025-09.

Harvard

European Central Bank (no date) ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N), EU countries by household revolving loan and overdraft rate, 2025-09 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-revolving-loan-and-overdraft-rate/eu-countries?period=2025-09 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{european_eu_countries_by_household_2026,
  author = {{European Central Bank}},
  title = {{ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N): EU countries by household revolving loan and overdraft rate, 2025-09}},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-revolving-loan-and-overdraft-rate/eu-countries?period=2025-09. Publisher attribution: European Central Bank. ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata\&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - European Central Bank
TI  - ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N): EU countries by household revolving loan and overdraft rate, 2025-09
PB  - European Central Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-revolving-loan-and-overdraft-rate/eu-countries?period=2025-09
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-revolving-loan-and-overdraft-rate/eu-countries?period=2025-09.
N1  - Publisher attribution: European Central Bank. ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest household revolving loan and overdraft rate?

Latvia, with 14.28% in September 2025, according to the European Central Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest household revolving loan and overdraft rate?

Luxembourg, with 3.15% in September 2025.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: European Central Bank, ECB MIR: Household revolving loan and overdraft rate (M.<area>.B.A2Z1.A.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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