EU countries by household debt to income ratio

Denmark had the highest household debt to income ratio of 27 EU countries in 2021, at 207.8%. Romania had the lowest, at 26.2%. The median was 86.1%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest207.8Denmark

Lowest26.2Romania

Median86.127 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2021

Under 45
45 to 70
70 to 91
91 to 120
120 and over

%, 2021. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2021

%. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2021 (%)	Change on 2020
1	Denmark	207.8	-9.3 pts
2	Netherlands	206.7	-2.7 pts
3	Luxembourg	180.8	+10.3 pts
4	Sweden	170.9	-1.8 pts
5	Finland	119.7	+0.9 pts
6	Cyprus	119.5	-5.6 pts
7	Belgium	105.3	+0.1 pts
8	France	102.2	+0.4 pts
9	Malta Provisional	99.9	-3.4 pts
10	Ireland	93.4	-5.1 pts
11	Portugal	92.8	-1.5 pts
12	Spain	87.3	-3.9 pts
13	Austria	86.1	+0.1 pts
14	Germany Provisional	86.1	+1.3 pts
15	Greece	76.3	-5.8 pts
16	Slovakia	72.5	+1.6 pts
17	Estonia	69.1	+0.8 pts
18	Italy	63	-0.7 pts
19	Czechia	57.7	+0.3 pts
20	Poland	53.6	+0.9 pts
21	Croatia	52.7	-4.5 pts
22	Bulgaria	43.2	+1.1 pts
23	Slovenia	42.4	-0.7 pts
24	Lithuania	37.3	-0.5 pts
25	Hungary	35.1	+0.3 pts
26	Latvia	32.7	+0.6 pts
27	Romania	26.2	+0.3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Outstanding loans of households at the end of the year as a percentage of their gross disposable income adjusted for the change in pension entitlements.

Counts loans only (mortgages and consumer and other loans), not other liabilities. Not comparable with national credit market debt ratios such as Canada's, which use other definitions. From the annual sector accounts (ESA 2010). Households include non-profit institutions serving households. The latest years are often provisional and are revised with later transmissions.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki) (EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table

MLA 9

Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2021. Eurostat, European Commission, 14 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2021. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2021.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2021 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_household_2021,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2021}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2021. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa\_10\_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2021
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2021
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2021.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -

Embed this chart

Paste this code into a web page or a blog post. The chart shows the latest figures as they are published, with the source and a link back to this page.

Embed code

<iframe src="https://invokely.ai/embed/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2021" width="760" height="500" title="EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2021, chart from Invokely" loading="lazy" style="border:0;width:100%;max-width:760px" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin"></iframe>

Sites that read oEmbed links, such as WordPress, can show the chart when you paste the link to this page.

Use this data in your AI agent

Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:

Rank EU countries by household debt to income ratio using official data, and cite the source.

rank_places {"indicator":"household_debt_to_income_ratio","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=household_debt_to_income_ratio&level=country&within=European%20Union%20(27)&limit=10

Connect Claude, ChatGPT or Cursor in one step. The trial answers 25 calls a day without an account.

Questions

Which EU country has the highest household debt to income ratio?

Denmark, with 207.8% in 2021, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest household debt to income ratio?

Romania, with 26.2% in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.