EU countries by household debt to income ratio

The Netherlands had the highest household debt to income ratio of 27 EU countries in 2018, at 217.8%. Romania had the lowest, at 27.8%. The median was 83.3%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest217.8Netherlands

Lowest27.8Romania

Median83.327 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2018

Under 47
47 to 67
67 to 95
95 to 130
130 and over

%, 2018. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2018

%. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2018 (%)	Change on 2017
1	Netherlands	217.8	-6.4 pts
2	Denmark	212	-6.4 pts
3	Luxembourg	173	+7.6 pts
4	Sweden	161.4	-0.6 pts
5	Cyprus	142.8	-16.6 pts
6	Ireland	135.2	-10.8 pts
7	Finland	114.4	+1.3 pts
8	Belgium	101.2	+0.5 pts
9	Malta	99.3	-0.3 pts
10	France	96.6	+2.2 pts
11	Portugal	95.3	-4.1 pts
12	Spain	94.7	-3 pts
13	Greece	90.4	+2.3 pts
14	Austria	83.3	-0.7 pts
15	Germany	80.1	-1.1 pts
16	Slovakia	68	+0.3 pts
17	Estonia	65.8	-3.5 pts
18	Italy	60.6	+0.2 pts
19	Czechia	56.7	-0.3 pts
20	Poland	55.7	+0.6 pts
21	Croatia	55.1	-0.5 pts
22	Slovenia	45.5	-0.2 pts
23	Lithuania	38.6	+0.5 pts
24	Bulgaria	37.4	-0.4 pts
25	Latvia	33.9	-3.6 pts
26	Hungary	30.5	-2 pts
27	Romania	27.8	+0.4 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Outstanding loans of households at the end of the year as a percentage of their gross disposable income adjusted for the change in pension entitlements.

Counts loans only (mortgages and consumer and other loans), not other liabilities. Not comparable with national credit market debt ratios such as Canada's, which use other definitions. From the annual sector accounts (ESA 2010). Households include non-profit institutions serving households. The latest years are often provisional and are revised with later transmissions.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki) (EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2018) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table

MLA 9

Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2018. Eurostat, European Commission, 14 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2018. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2018. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2018.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2018 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2018 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_household_2018,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2018}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2018. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa\_10\_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2018
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2018
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2018.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -

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Rank EU countries by household debt to income ratio using official data, and cite the source.

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest household debt to income ratio?

The Netherlands, with 217.8% in 2018, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest household debt to income ratio?

Romania, with 27.8% in 2018.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.