EU countries by household debt to income ratio

Denmark had the highest household debt to income ratio of 27 EU countries in 2016, at 224.9%. Romania had the lowest, at 29%. The median was 84.9%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest224.9Denmark

Lowest29Romania

Median84.927 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2016

Under 47
47 to 66
66 to 92
92 to 130
130 and over

%, 2016. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2016

%. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2016 (%)	Change on 2015
1	Denmark	224.9	-4.3 pts
2	Netherlands	223	-3 pts
3	Cyprus	174.5	-12.1 pts
4	Luxembourg	165	+5.9 pts
5	Sweden	156.8	+4.5 pts
6	Ireland	139.6	-16.8 pts
7	Finland	110.8	+2.9 pts
8	Portugal	101.8	-5.6 pts
9	Spain	101.8	-4.9 pts
10	Belgium	99.8	+0.8 pts
11	France	92.1	+1.6 pts
12	Greece	92.1	-2.3 pts
13	Malta	90.6	-1.9 pts
14	Austria	84.9	-0.6 pts
15	Germany	81.5	+0.1 pts
16	Estonia	69.1	+0.8 pts
17	Slovakia	63.6	+5.4 pts
18	Italy	60.9	-0.1 pts
19	Czechia	57.1	+1.7 pts
20	Poland	56.8	+0.2 pts
21	Croatia	55.9	-5.6 pts
22	Slovenia	45.3	-0.5 pts
23	Latvia	39.8	-4.6 pts
24	Bulgaria	38	-0 pts
25	Lithuania	36.1	-0.5 pts
26	Hungary	35.6	-2.6 pts
27	Romania	29	-1.8 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Outstanding loans of households at the end of the year as a percentage of their gross disposable income adjusted for the change in pension entitlements.

Counts loans only (mortgages and consumer and other loans), not other liabilities. Not comparable with national credit market debt ratios such as Canada's, which use other definitions. From the annual sector accounts (ESA 2010). Households include non-profit institutions serving households. The latest years are often provisional and are revised with later transmissions.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki) (EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2016) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table

MLA 9

Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2016. Eurostat, European Commission, 14 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2016. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2016. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2016.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2016 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2016 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_household_2016,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2016}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2016. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa\_10\_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2016
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2016
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2016.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest household debt to income ratio?

Denmark, with 224.9% in 2016, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest household debt to income ratio?

Romania, with 29% in 2016.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.