EU countries by household debt to income ratio

Denmark had the highest household debt to income ratio of 27 EU countries in 2019, at 213.1%. Romania had the lowest, at 25.6%. The median was 81.9%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest213.1Denmark

Lowest25.6Romania

Median81.927 EU countries

Map of EU countries, 2019

Under 47
47 to 68
68 to 91
91 to 110
110 and over

%, 2019. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2019

%. Source: Eurostat, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2019 (%)	Change on 2018
1	Denmark	213.1	+1.2 pts
2	Netherlands	209.8	-8 pts
3	Luxembourg Series break	172.6	-0.4 pts
4	Sweden	161.2	-0.1 pts
5	Cyprus	127.8	-15 pts
6	Finland	114.6	+0.3 pts
7	Ireland	103.8	-31.5 pts
8	Belgium	103.1	+1.9 pts
9	Malta	102.2	+2.9 pts
10	France	98.8	+2.3 pts
11	Portugal	91.8	-3.5 pts
12	Spain	90	-4.8 pts
13	Austria	84.2	+0.8 pts
14	Greece	81.9	-8.5 pts
15	Germany	81.7	+1.6 pts
16	Slovakia	70.1	+2.1 pts
17	Estonia	66.4	+0.6 pts
18	Italy	61.6	+1 pts
19	Czechia	56.5	-0.1 pts
20	Croatia	56.1	+0.9 pts
21	Poland	55.2	-0.5 pts
22	Slovenia	44.8	-0.6 pts
23	Bulgaria	39.3	+1.9 pts
24	Lithuania	38.4	-0.2 pts
25	Latvia	32.7	-1.2 pts
26	Hungary	31.4	+0.8 pts
27	Romania	25.6	-2.3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Outstanding loans of households at the end of the year as a percentage of their gross disposable income adjusted for the change in pension entitlements.

Counts loans only (mortgages and consumer and other loans), not other liabilities. Not comparable with national credit market debt ratios such as Canada's, which use other definitions. From the annual sector accounts (ESA 2010). Households include non-profit institutions serving households. The latest years are often provisional and are revised with later transmissions.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki) (EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2019) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table

MLA 9

Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2019. Eurostat, European Commission, 14 Oct. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2019. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2019. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2019.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki), EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2019 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2019 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_household_2019,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2019}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2019. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa\_10\_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa\_10\_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki): EU countries by household debt to income ratio, 2019
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/14
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2019
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/household-debt-to-income-ratio/eu-countries?period=2019.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/nasa_10_ki/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest household debt to income ratio?

Denmark, with 213.1% in 2019, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest household debt to income ratio?

Romania, with 25.6% in 2019.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Key indicators for sector accounts, gross debt-to-income ratio of households and NPISH (nasa_10_ki). Retrieved 2026-10-18.