Data / Rankings / Greenhouse gas emissions from energy / EU countries

EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions from energy

Germany had the highest greenhouse gas emissions from energy of 27 EU countries in 2019, at 673.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Malta had the lowest, at 1.65 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. The median was 40.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent and the figure for the European Union (27) was 2,745.02 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest673.7Germany
Lowest1.65Malta
Median40.3527 EU countries
European Union (27)2,745.02History

Map of EU countries, 2019

Austria: 55.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium: 85.58 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBulgaria: 40.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCyprus: 6.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia: 92.9 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany: 673.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDenmark: 30.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentEstonia: 12.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain: 233.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFinland: 38.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance: 298.72 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGreece: 61.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCroatia: 16.51 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHungary: 46.59 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIreland: 35.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly: 334.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLithuania: 11.84 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLuxembourg: 9.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLatvia: 7.48 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMalta: 1.65 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands: 142.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland: 321.34 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPortugal: 44.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania: 67.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSweden: 34.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSlovenia: 13.81 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSlovakia: 27.93 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • Under 12
  • 12 to 35
  • 35 to 52
  • 52 to 130
  • 130 and over
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, 2019. Source: European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat), Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2019

Germany: 673.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany673.7Italy: 334.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly334.39Poland: 321.34 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland321.34France: 298.72 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance298.72Spain: 233.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain233.5Netherlands: 142.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands142.96Czechia: 92.9 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia92.9Belgium: 85.58 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium85.58Romania: 67.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania67.78Greece: 61.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGreece61.3Austria: 55.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAustria55.26Hungary: 46.59 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHungary46.59Portugal: 44.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPortugal44.42Bulgaria: 40.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBulgaria40.35Finland: 38.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFinland38.8Ireland: 35.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIreland35.22Sweden: 34.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSweden34.78Denmark: 30.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDenmark30.22Slovakia: 27.93 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSlovakia27.93Croatia: 16.51 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCroatia16.51Slovenia: 13.81 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSlovenia13.81Estonia: 12.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentEstonia12.01Lithuania: 11.84 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLithuania11.84Luxembourg: 9.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLuxembourg9.42Latvia: 7.48 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLatvia7.48Cyprus: 6.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCyprus6.55Malta: 1.65 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMalta1.65Germany: 673.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGermany673.7Italy: 334.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentItaly334.39Poland: 321.34 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPoland321.34France: 298.72 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFrance298.72Spain: 233.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSpain233.5Netherlands: 142.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNetherlands142.96Czechia: 92.9 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCzechia92.9Belgium: 85.58 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBelgium85.58Romania: 67.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRomania67.78Greece: 61.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGreece61.3Austria: 55.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAustria55.26Hungary: 46.59 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHungary46.59Portugal: 44.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPortugal44.42Bulgaria: 40.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentBulgaria40.35Finland: 38.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFinland38.8Ireland: 35.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIreland35.22Sweden: 34.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSweden34.78Denmark: 30.22 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDenmark30.22Slovakia: 27.93 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSlovakia27.93Croatia: 16.51 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCroatia16.51Slovenia: 13.81 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSlovenia13.81Estonia: 12.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentEstonia12.01Lithuania: 11.84 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLithuania11.84Luxembourg: 9.42 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLuxembourg9.42Latvia: 7.48 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLatvia7.48Cyprus: 6.55 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCyprus6.55Malta: 1.65 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMalta1.65
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: European Environment Agency greenhouse gas inventory (via Eurostat), Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2019
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent		Change on 2018
1Germany673.7-6.7%
2Italy334.39-3%
3Poland321.34-6.1%
4France298.72-1.9%
5Spain233.5-6.5%
6Netherlands142.96-2.9%
7Czechia92.9-5%
8Belgium85.58+0.3%
9Romania67.78-4.5%
10Greece61.3-9%
11Austria55.26+0.6%
12Hungary46.59-0.2%
13Portugal44.42-8.2%
14Bulgaria40.35-2.5%
15Finland38.8-7.2%
16Ireland35.22-4.3%
17Sweden34.78-4.9%
18Denmark30.22-10.6%
19Slovakia27.93-5.8%
20Croatia16.51+0.3%
21Slovenia13.81-3.7%
22Estonia12.01-31.4%
23Lithuania11.84+0.1%
24Luxembourg9.42+2.1%
25Latvia7.48-2.9%
26Cyprus6.55+0.8%
27Malta1.65+6.6%

Other periods

About this ranking

Greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector (fuel combustion in power plants, industry, transport, buildings and agriculture, plus fugitive emissions from fuels; UNFCCC category 1).

More on how it is measured
  • It includes transport, which is also published on its own as ghg_emissions_transport, in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent.
  • National inventory reported to the UNFCCC (and, for EU members, to the EU): the seven Kyoto gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potential.
  • Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international aviation and shipping are not included.

Sectors follow the UNFCCC reporting categories, so they add up to the total except for indirect CO2, which is not allocated to a sector. Each annual submission recalculates the whole series back to 1990, so past values change between releases.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

European Environment Agency (EEA), national greenhouse gas inventories reported under the EU Governance Regulation, as published by Eurostat. Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA) (EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions from energy, 2019) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table

MLA 9

Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA), EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions from energy, 2019. Eurostat, European Commission, 2 June 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-energy/eu-countries?period=2019. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA). EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions from energy, 2019. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-energy/eu-countries?period=2019.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA), EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions from energy, 2019 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-energy/eu-countries?period=2019 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_greenhouse_2019,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env\_air\_gge, source: EEA): EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions from energy, 2019}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-energy/eu-countries?period=2019. Publisher attribution: European Environment Agency (EEA), national greenhouse gas inventories reported under the EU Governance Regulation, as published by Eurostat. Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env\_air\_gge, source: EEA). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env\_air\_gge/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA): EU countries by greenhouse gas emissions from energy, 2019
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/02
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-energy/eu-countries?period=2019
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/greenhouse-gas-emissions-energy/eu-countries?period=2019.
N1  - Publisher attribution: European Environment Agency (EEA), national greenhouse gas inventories reported under the EU Governance Regulation, as published by Eurostat. Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/env_air_gge/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest greenhouse gas emissions from energy?

Germany, with 673.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2019, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions from energy?

Malta, with 1.65 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2019.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Greenhouse gas emissions by source sector, energy (CRF 1), million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (env_air_gge, source: EEA). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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