Data / Rankings / R&D expenditure share of GDP / Regions of Italy (NUTS 2)

Regions of Italy (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024

Emilia-Romagna had the highest R&D expenditure share of GDP of 21 regions in 2024, at 2.33% of GDP. Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste had the lowest, at 0.56% of GDP. The median was 1.09% of GDP and the figure for Italy was 1.41% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest2.33Emilia-Romagna
Lowest0.56Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste
Median1.0921 regions
Italy1.41History

All regions, 2024

Emilia-Romagna: 2.33 % of GDPEmilia-Romagna2.33Piemonte: 2.2 % of GDPPiemonte2.2Lazio: 1.86 % of GDPLazio1.86Friuli-Venezia Giulia: 1.65 % of GDPFriuli-Venezia Giulia1.65Provincia Autonoma di Trento: 1.58 % of GDPProvincia Autonoma di Trento1.58Liguria: 1.4 % of GDPLiguria1.4Toscana: 1.38 % of GDPToscana1.38Campania: 1.29 % of GDPCampania1.29Lombardia: 1.2 % of GDPLombardia1.2Veneto: 1.13 % of GDPVeneto1.13Abruzzo: 1.09 % of GDPAbruzzo1.09Marche: 1 % of GDPMarche1Sicilia: 0.92 % of GDPSicilia0.92Puglia: 0.9 % of GDPPuglia0.9Umbria: 0.9 % of GDPUmbria0.9Sardegna: 0.85 % of GDPSardegna0.85Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen: 0.78 % of GDPProvincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Boz…0.78Molise: 0.73 % of GDPMolise0.73Basilicata: 0.69 % of GDPBasilicata0.69Calabria: 0.6 % of GDPCalabria0.6Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste: 0.56 % of GDPValle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste0.56Emilia-Romagna: 2.33 % of GDPEmilia-Romagna2.33Piemonte: 2.2 % of GDPPiemonte2.2Lazio: 1.86 % of GDPLazio1.86Friuli-Venezia Giulia: 1.65 % of GDPFriuli-Venezia Giulia1.65Provincia Autonoma di Trento: 1.58 % of GDPProvincia Autonoma di Trento1.58Liguria: 1.4 % of GDPLiguria1.4Toscana: 1.38 % of GDPToscana1.38Campania: 1.29 % of GDPCampania1.29Lombardia: 1.2 % of GDPLombardia1.2Veneto: 1.13 % of GDPVeneto1.13Abruzzo: 1.09 % of GDPAbruzzo1.09Marche: 1 % of GDPMarche1Sicilia: 0.92 % of GDPSicilia0.92Puglia: 0.9 % of GDPPuglia0.9Umbria: 0.9 % of GDPUmbria0.9Sardegna: 0.85 % of GDPSardegna0.85Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen: 0.78 % of GDPProvincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen0.78Molise: 0.73 % of GDPMolise0.73Basilicata: 0.69 % of GDPBasilicata0.69Calabria: 0.6 % of GDPCalabria0.6Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste: 0.56 % of GDPValle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste0.56
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankRegions2024
% of GDP		Change on 2023
1Emilia-Romagna2.33+0.24 pts
2Piemonte2.2+0.11 pts
3Lazio1.86+0.06 pts
4Friuli-Venezia Giulia1.65-0.04 pts
5Provincia Autonoma di Trento1.58-0.01 pts
6Liguria1.4-0.04 pts
7Toscana1.38+0.01 pts
8Campania1.29+0.09 pts
9Lombardia1.2+0.01 pts
10Veneto1.13-0.07 pts
11Abruzzo1.09-0.01 pts
12Marche1+0.06 pts
13Sicilia0.92-0.06 pts
14Puglia0.9+0.08 pts
14Umbria0.9+0.02 pts
16Sardegna0.85+0.02 pts
17Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen0.78+0.13 pts
18Molise0.73-0.05 pts
19Basilicata0.69+0.05 pts
20Calabria0.6-0.04 pts
21Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste0.56+0.03 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.

Measured following the OECD Frascati Manual. The EU set a target of 3% of GDP. Eurostat estimates the EU total, and some national years are estimated or provisional.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the regions are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg) (Regions of Italy (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table

MLA 9

Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg), Regions of Italy (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024. Eurostat, European Commission, 29 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/italy-regions. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). Regions of Italy (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/italy-regions.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg), Regions of Italy (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/italy-regions (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_regions_of_italy_nuts_2024,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Gross domestic expenditure on R\&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd\_e\_gerdreg): Regions of Italy (NUTS 2) by R\&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/italy-regions. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R\&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd\_e\_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd\_e\_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg): Regions of Italy (NUTS 2) by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/29
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/italy-regions
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rd-expenditure-gdp-share/italy-regions.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/rd_e_gerdreg/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER  -
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Questions

Which region has the highest R&D expenditure share of GDP?

Emilia-Romagna, with 2.33% of GDP in 2024, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which region has the lowest R&D expenditure share of GDP?

Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste, with 0.56% of GDP in 2024.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by NUTS 2 region, all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdreg). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

R&D expenditure share of GDP: other rankings

Regions of Italy (NUTS 2): more rankings