Data / R&D expenditure share of GDP

R&D expenditure share of GDP

Gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development (GERD) by all sectors (businesses, government, higher education and private non-profit institutions) as a percentage of gross domestic product. Regions are measured against their own regional GDP.

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Measured following the OECD Frascati Manual. The EU set a target of 3% of GDP. Eurostat estimates the EU total, and some national years are estimated or provisional.

Key facts

Figures last updated on 2026-10-18.

Rankings

EU countries by R&D expenditure share of GDP, 2024

Top 15. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Sweden: 3.53 % of GDPSweden3.53Austria: 3.34 % of GDPAustria3.34Belgium: 3.25 % of GDPBelgium3.25Finland: 3.22 % of GDPFinland3.22Denmark: 3.15 % of GDPDenmark3.15Germany: 3.12 % of GDPGermany3.12Netherlands: 2.37 % of GDPNetherlands2.37France: 2.18 % of GDPFrance2.18Slovenia: 2.14 % of GDPSlovenia2.14Estonia: 1.98 % of GDPEstonia1.98Czechia: 1.82 % of GDPCzechia1.82Portugal: 1.73 % of GDPPortugal1.73Ireland: 1.59 % of GDPIreland1.59Greece: 1.53 % of GDPGreece1.53Spain: 1.5 % of GDPSpain1.5Sweden: 3.53 % of GDPSweden3.53Austria: 3.34 % of GDPAustria3.34Belgium: 3.25 % of GDPBelgium3.25Finland: 3.22 % of GDPFinland3.22Denmark: 3.15 % of GDPDenmark3.15Germany: 3.12 % of GDPGermany3.12Netherlands: 2.37 % of GDPNetherlands2.37France: 2.18 % of GDPFrance2.18Slovenia: 2.14 % of GDPSlovenia2.14Estonia: 1.98 % of GDPEstonia1.98Czechia: 1.82 % of GDPCzechia1.82Portugal: 1.73 % of GDPPortugal1.73Ireland: 1.59 % of GDPIreland1.59Greece: 1.53 % of GDPGreece1.53Spain: 1.5 % of GDPSpain1.5
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD), all sectors, percentage of GDP (rd_e_gerdtot). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

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Which places have the highest R&D expenditure share of GDP? Use official data and cite it.
rank_places {"indicator":"rd_expenditure_gdp_share","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)"}
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