US states by nonemployer business receipts: other services

Florida had the highest nonemployer business receipts: other services of 51 states in 2023, at $15.26 billion. District of Columbia had the lowest, at $178.61 million. The median was $1.49 billion and the figure for the United States was $121.94 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest15,258.6Florida

Lowest178.6District of Columbia

Median1,490.851 states

United States121,939History

Map of states, 2023

Under 400
400 to 900
900 to 1,500
1,500 to 2,000
2,000 to 3,300
3,300 and over

USD million, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2023 USD million	Change on 2022
1	Florida	15,258.6	+6.5%
2	California	14,727.4	+4.4%
3	Texas	13,500.2	+4.8%
4	New York	6,108.8	+6.8%
5	Georgia	5,184.3	+1.2%
6	Illinois	4,242.2	+5.1%
7	North Carolina	3,890.4	+2.8%
8	Pennsylvania	3,362.6	+4.5%
9	Ohio	3,261	+4.8%
10	Michigan	3,234.6	+3.8%
11	Tennessee	2,959.1	+6.3%
12	New Jersey	2,803.6	+6.4%
13	Arizona	2,668.8	+4.3%
14	Virginia	2,551.8	+4.5%
15	Colorado	2,156.9	+8%
16	Massachusetts	2,053.6	+7.9%
17	South Carolina	2,018.5	+5.9%
18	Maryland	1,987.7	+5.1%
19	Missouri	1,973.2	+8%
20	Indiana	1,886.4	+4.2%
21	Alabama	1,782.9	+2.5%
22	Washington	1,782.1	+5.5%
23	Louisiana	1,675.6	-2.1%
24	Wisconsin	1,538.3	+5.4%
25	Minnesota	1,515	+4.8%
26	Kentucky	1,490.8	+4.5%
27	Oklahoma	1,467.4	+4.1%
28	Nevada	1,421.7	+5.9%
29	Utah	1,169.9	+3.1%
30	Oregon	1,129.9	+6.3%
31	Connecticut	1,094.5	+6%
32	Arkansas	1,087.1	+3.5%
33	Mississippi	1,072.5	+2.6%
34	Iowa	913.1	+5.2%
35	Kansas	830.3	+6.9%
36	Idaho	648.9	+6.4%
37	Nebraska	640.6	+4%
38	Hawaii	565.6	+4.1%
39	New Hampshire	505.2	+5.2%
40	New Mexico	480.9	+4.7%
41	Maine	442	+5.5%
42	Montana	425.2	+11%
43	West Virginia	414.7	+5.1%
44	Rhode Island	353.5	+8%
45	Delaware	333.6	+4.4%
46	South Dakota	293.4	+7.1%
47	Wyoming	233.2	+7.4%
48	North Dakota	219.9	+1.7%
49	Vermont	210.6	+2.3%
50	Alaska	192.3	+3%
51	District of Columbia	178.6	+0.9%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in other services (repair and maintenance, personal and laundry services, and civic organizations) (NAICS 81), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: other services, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: other services, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-other-services/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: other services, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-other-services/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: other services, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-other-services/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: other services, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-other-services/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: other services, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-other-services/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-other-services/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: other services?

Florida, with $15.26 billion in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: other services?

District of Columbia, with $178.61 million in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), other services (NAICS 81), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.