Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation of 51 states in 2013, at 195,103. North Dakota had the lowest, at 2,187. The median was 14,576 and the figure for the United States was 1.26 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest195,103California
Lowest2,187North Dakota
Median14,57651 states
United States1,256,694History

Map of states, 2013

Alabama: 11,253 countAlaska: 3,173 countArizona: 21,924 countArkansas: 6,308 countCalifornia: 195,103 countColorado: 26,017 countConnecticut: 15,795 countDelaware: 3,227 countDistrict of Columbia: 4,426 countFlorida: 78,450 countGeorgia: 36,942 countHawaii: 6,083 countIdaho: 5,222 countIllinois: 47,735 countIndiana: 18,828 countIowa: 9,135 countKansas: 9,075 countKentucky: 12,003 countLouisiana: 14,576 countMaine: 6,610 countMaryland: 26,312 countMassachusetts: 33,585 countMichigan: 33,181 countMinnesota: 27,518 countMississippi: 5,979 countMissouri: 19,522 countMontana: 4,828 countNebraska: 6,055 countNevada: 15,053 countNew Hampshire: 5,997 countNew Jersey: 34,370 countNew Mexico: 8,318 countNew York: 125,092 countNorth Carolina: 34,501 countNorth Dakota: 2,187 countOhio: 37,282 countOklahoma: 10,345 countOregon: 18,741 countPennsylvania: 43,037 countRhode Island: 4,594 countSouth Carolina: 14,515 countSouth Dakota: 3,270 countTennessee: 27,984 countTexas: 83,735 countUtah: 10,938 countVermont: 4,215 countVirginia: 30,236 countWashington: 27,117 countWest Virginia: 4,106 countWisconsin: 19,646 countWyoming: 2,550 count
  • Under 5,000
  • 5,000 to 8,000
  • 8,000 to 15K
  • 15K to 26K
  • 26K to 34K
  • 34K and over
count, 2013. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2013

California: 195,103 countCalifornia195,103New York: 125,092 countNew York125,092Texas: 83,735 countTexas83,735Florida: 78,450 countFlorida78,450Illinois: 47,735 countIllinois47,735Pennsylvania: 43,037 countPennsylvania43,037Ohio: 37,282 countOhio37,282Georgia: 36,942 countGeorgia36,942North Carolina: 34,501 countNorth Carolina34,501New Jersey: 34,370 countNew Jersey34,370Massachusetts: 33,585 countMassachusetts33,585Michigan: 33,181 countMichigan33,181Virginia: 30,236 countVirginia30,236Tennessee: 27,984 countTennessee27,984Minnesota: 27,518 countMinnesota27,518Washington: 27,117 countWashington27,117Maryland: 26,312 countMaryland26,312Colorado: 26,017 countColorado26,017Arizona: 21,924 countArizona21,924Wisconsin: 19,646 countWisconsin19,646Missouri: 19,522 countMissouri19,522Indiana: 18,828 countIndiana18,828Oregon: 18,741 countOregon18,741Connecticut: 15,795 countConnecticut15,795Nevada: 15,053 countNevada15,053Louisiana: 14,576 countLouisiana14,576South Carolina: 14,515 countSouth Carolina14,515Kentucky: 12,003 countKentucky12,003Alabama: 11,253 countAlabama11,253Utah: 10,938 countUtah10,938Oklahoma: 10,345 countOklahoma10,345Iowa: 9,135 countIowa9,135Kansas: 9,075 countKansas9,075New Mexico: 8,318 countNew Mexico8,318Maine: 6,610 countMaine6,610Arkansas: 6,308 countArkansas6,308Hawaii: 6,083 countHawaii6,083Nebraska: 6,055 countNebraska6,055New Hampshire: 5,997 countNew Hampshire5,997Mississippi: 5,979 countMississippi5,979Idaho: 5,222 countIdaho5,222Montana: 4,828 countMontana4,828Rhode Island: 4,594 countRhode Island4,594District of Columbia: 4,426 countDistrict of Columbia4,426Vermont: 4,215 countVermont4,215West Virginia: 4,106 countWest Virginia4,106South Dakota: 3,270 countSouth Dakota3,270Delaware: 3,227 countDelaware3,227Alaska: 3,173 countAlaska3,173Wyoming: 2,550 countWyoming2,550North Dakota: 2,187 countNorth Dakota2,187California: 195,103 countCalifornia195,103New York: 125,092 countNew York125,092Texas: 83,735 countTexas83,735Florida: 78,450 countFlorida78,450Illinois: 47,735 countIllinois47,735Pennsylvania: 43,037 countPennsylvania43,037Ohio: 37,282 countOhio37,282Georgia: 36,942 countGeorgia36,942North Carolina: 34,501 countNorth Carolina34,501New Jersey: 34,370 countNew Jersey34,370Massachusetts: 33,585 countMassachusetts33,585Michigan: 33,181 countMichigan33,181Virginia: 30,236 countVirginia30,236Tennessee: 27,984 countTennessee27,984Minnesota: 27,518 countMinnesota27,518Washington: 27,117 countWashington27,117Maryland: 26,312 countMaryland26,312Colorado: 26,017 countColorado26,017Arizona: 21,924 countArizona21,924Wisconsin: 19,646 countWisconsin19,646Missouri: 19,522 countMissouri19,522Indiana: 18,828 countIndiana18,828Oregon: 18,741 countOregon18,741Connecticut: 15,795 countConnecticut15,795Nevada: 15,053 countNevada15,053Louisiana: 14,576 countLouisiana14,576South Carolina: 14,515 countSouth Carolina14,515Kentucky: 12,003 countKentucky12,003Alabama: 11,253 countAlabama11,253Utah: 10,938 countUtah10,938Oklahoma: 10,345 countOklahoma10,345Iowa: 9,135 countIowa9,135Kansas: 9,075 countKansas9,075New Mexico: 8,318 countNew Mexico8,318Maine: 6,610 countMaine6,610Arkansas: 6,308 countArkansas6,308Hawaii: 6,083 countHawaii6,083Nebraska: 6,055 countNebraska6,055New Hampshire: 5,997 countNew Hampshire5,997Mississippi: 5,979 countMississippi5,979Idaho: 5,222 countIdaho5,222Montana: 4,828 countMontana4,828Rhode Island: 4,594 countRhode Island4,594District of Columbia: 4,426 countDistrict of Columbia4,426Vermont: 4,215 countVermont4,215West Virginia: 4,106 countWest Virginia4,106South Dakota: 3,270 countSouth Dakota3,270Delaware: 3,227 countDelaware3,227Alaska: 3,173 countAlaska3,173Wyoming: 2,550 countWyoming2,550North Dakota: 2,187 countNorth Dakota2,187
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2013
count		Change on 2012
1California195,103+3.2%
2New York125,092+2.3%
3Texas83,735+1.2%
4Florida78,450+2.1%
5Illinois47,735+0.6%
6Pennsylvania43,037+1.3%
7Ohio37,282+0.5%
8Georgia36,942+1.4%
9North Carolina34,501+3.4%
10New Jersey34,370+1.5%
11Massachusetts33,585+0.2%
12Michigan33,181-0.8%
13Virginia30,236+1.6%
14Tennessee27,984+1.2%
15Minnesota27,518+0.8%
16Washington27,117+1.2%
17Maryland26,312+1%
18Colorado26,017+2.1%
19Arizona21,924+2.2%
20Wisconsin19,646+0.1%
21Missouri19,522+1.9%
22Indiana18,828-0.6%
23Oregon18,741+2.6%
24Connecticut15,795-0.1%
25Nevada15,053+4.2%
26Louisiana14,576+1.4%
27South Carolina14,515+2.8%
28Kentucky12,003+0.3%
29Alabama11,253+0.9%
30Utah10,938+3%
31Oklahoma10,345-0.5%
32Iowa9,135-1%
33Kansas9,075+0.6%
34New Mexico8,318-0.4%
35Maine6,610+1.4%
36Arkansas6,308+0.5%
37Hawaii6,083+0.6%
38Nebraska6,055+1.6%
39New Hampshire5,997+1%
40Mississippi5,979-0%
41Idaho5,222+1.9%
42Montana4,828+0.9%
43Rhode Island4,594+1.6%
44District of Columbia4,426+4%
45Vermont4,215+1.3%
46West Virginia4,106+1.3%
47South Dakota3,270-0.7%
48Delaware3,227-3.1%
49Alaska3,173+1.1%
50Wyoming2,550+1.9%
51North Dakota2,187+1%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2017). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2013) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2013. U.S. Census Bureau, 6 June 2017, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2013. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2017. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2013. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2013.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2017) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2013 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2013 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2013,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2013}},
  year = {2017},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2013. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2013
PY  - 2017
DA  - 2017/06/06
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2013
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2013.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2013/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation?

California, with 195,103 in 2013, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: arts, entertainment and recreation?

North Dakota, with 2,187 in 2013.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings