Data / Rankings / Natural change rate / EU countries

EU countries by natural change rate

Cyprus had the highest natural change rate of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 3.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. Latvia had the lowest, at -7.2 per 1,000 inhabitants. The median was -2.3 per 1,000 inhabitants and the figure for the European Union (27) was -2.6 per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest3.7Cyprus
Lowest-7.2Latvia
Median-2.327 EU countries
European Union (27)-2.6History

All EU countries, 2023

Cyprus: 3.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCyprus3.7Ireland: 3.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsIreland3.7Luxembourg: 2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsLuxembourg2.8Malta: 0.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsMalta0.8France: 0.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsFrance0.6Sweden: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsSweden0.5Belgium: 0 per 1,000 inhabitantsBelgium0Denmark: -0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsDenmark-0.2Netherlands: -0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsNetherlands-0.3Slovakia: -1 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovakia-1Austria: -1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsAustria-1.3Czechia: -2 per 1,000 inhabitantsCzechia-2Slovenia: -2.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovenia-2.1Spain: -2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsSpain-2.3Portugal: -2.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsPortugal-2.9Finland: -3.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsFinland-3.2Estonia: -3.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsEstonia-3.7Poland: -3.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsPoland-3.7Germany: -4 per 1,000 inhabitantsGermany-4Hungary: -4.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsHungary-4.3Romania: -4.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsRomania-4.4Italy: -4.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsItaly-4.9Croatia: -5 per 1,000 inhabitantsCroatia-5Greece: -5.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsGreece-5.4Lithuania: -5.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLithuania-5.7Bulgaria: -6.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsBulgaria-6.8Latvia: -7.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsLatvia-7.2
per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023
per 1,000 inhabitants		Change on 2022
1Cyprus3.7+0.6 pts
1Ireland3.70 pts
3Luxembourg2.8-0.3 pts
4Malta0.8+0.7 pts
5France Provisional0.6-0.2 pts
6Sweden0.5-0.5 pts
7Belgium0+0.2 pts
8Denmark-0.20 pts
9Netherlands-0.3-0.2 pts
10Slovakia-1+0.3 pts
11Austria-1.3-0.1 pts
12Czechia-2-0.2 pts
13Slovenia-2.1+0.2 pts
14Spain-2.3+0.5 pts
15Portugal-2.9+0.9 pts
16Finland-3.2+0.1 pts
17Estonia-3.7+0.5 pts
17Poland-3.7+0.2 pts
19Germany Series break-4-0.1 pts
20Hungary-4.3+0.6 pts
21Romania Estimated-4.4+0.4 pts
22Italy-4.9+0.6 pts
23Croatia-5+1 pts
24Greece-5.4+0.7 pts
25Lithuania-5.7+1.7 pts
26Bulgaria-6.8+2.8 pts
27Latvia Series break-7.2+0.6 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year per 1,000 average residents (Eurostat crude rate of natural change).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind) (EU countries by natural change rate, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table

MLA 9

Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural change rate, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 30 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). EU countries by natural change rate, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural change rate, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_natural_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo\_gind): EU countries by natural change rate, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo\_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo\_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind): EU countries by natural change rate, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest natural change rate?

Cyprus, with 3.7 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest natural change rate?

Latvia, with -7.2 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Natural change rate: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings