Data / Rankings / Natural change rate / EU countries

EU countries by natural change rate

Ireland had the highest natural change rate of 27 EU countries in 2015, at 7.5 per 1,000 inhabitants. Bulgaria had the lowest, at -6.3 per 1,000 inhabitants. The median was 0 per 1,000 inhabitants and the figure for the European Union (27) was -0.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest7.5Ireland
Lowest-6.3Bulgaria
Median027 EU countries
European Union (27)-0.7History

All EU countries, 2015

Ireland: 7.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsIreland7.5Cyprus: 3.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsCyprus3.8Luxembourg: 3.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLuxembourg3.7France: 3.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsFrance3.1Sweden: 2.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsSweden2.4Malta: 2 per 1,000 inhabitantsMalta2Netherlands: 1.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsNetherlands1.4Belgium: 1 per 1,000 inhabitantsBelgium1Denmark: 1 per 1,000 inhabitantsDenmark1Finland: 0.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsFinland0.5Slovenia: 0.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovenia0.4Slovakia: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovakia0.3Austria: 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsAustria0.2Czechia: 0 per 1,000 inhabitantsCzechia0Spain: 0 per 1,000 inhabitantsSpain0Poland: -0.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsPoland-0.7Estonia: -1 per 1,000 inhabitantsEstonia-1Portugal: -2.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsPortugal-2.2Germany: -2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsGermany-2.3Greece: -2.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsGreece-2.7Italy: -2.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsItaly-2.7Romania: -3.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsRomania-3.1Latvia: -3.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsLatvia-3.3Croatia: -4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCroatia-4Hungary: -4 per 1,000 inhabitantsHungary-4Lithuania: -4 per 1,000 inhabitantsLithuania-4Bulgaria: -6.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsBulgaria-6.3
per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2015
per 1,000 inhabitants		Change on 2014
1Ireland7.5-0.7 pts
2Cyprus3.8-0.7 pts
3Luxembourg3.7-0.3 pts
4France3.1-0.8 pts
5Sweden2.4-0.3 pts
6Malta2-0.1 pts
7Netherlands1.4-0.7 pts
8Belgium1-0.8 pts
8Denmark10 pts
10Finland0.5-0.4 pts
11Slovenia0.4-0.7 pts
12Slovakia0.3-0.4 pts
13Austria0.2-0.2 pts
14Czechia0-0.4 pts
14Spain0-0.7 pts
16Poland Estimated-0.7-0.7 pts
17Estonia-1+0.5 pts
18Portugal-2.20 pts
19Germany-2.3-0.4 pts
20Greece-2.7-0.7 pts
20Italy-2.7-1.1 pts
22Romania Series break-3.1-0.3 pts
23Latvia-3.3+0.1 pts
24Croatia-4-1.3 pts
24Hungary-4-0.6 pts
24Lithuania-4-0.3 pts
27Bulgaria-6.3-0.5 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year per 1,000 average residents (Eurostat crude rate of natural change).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest natural change rate?

Ireland, with 7.5 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2015, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest natural change rate?

Bulgaria, with -6.3 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2015.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Natural change rate: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings