Data / Rankings / Natural change rate / EU countries

EU countries by natural change rate

Ireland had the highest natural change rate of 27 EU countries in 2019, at 5.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. Bulgaria had the lowest, at -7 per 1,000 inhabitants. The median was -0.9 per 1,000 inhabitants and the figure for the European Union (27) was -1.1 per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest5.7Ireland
Lowest-7Bulgaria
Median-0.927 EU countries
European Union (27)-1.1History

All EU countries, 2019

Ireland: 5.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsIreland5.7Cyprus: 3.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCyprus3.7Luxembourg: 3.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsLuxembourg3.1Sweden: 2.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsSweden2.5France: 2.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsFrance2.1Malta: 1.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsMalta1.3Denmark: 1.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsDenmark1.2Netherlands: 1 per 1,000 inhabitantsNetherlands1Belgium: 0.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsBelgium0.8Slovakia: 0.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovakia0.7Austria: 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsAustria0.2Czechia: 0 per 1,000 inhabitantsCzechia0Slovenia: -0.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovenia-0.6Poland: -0.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsPoland-0.9Estonia: -1 per 1,000 inhabitantsEstonia-1Spain: -1.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsSpain-1.2Finland: -1.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsFinland-1.5Germany: -1.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsGermany-1.9Portugal: -2.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsPortugal-2.4Romania: -3.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsRomania-3.1Italy: -3.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsItaly-3.6Hungary: -3.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsHungary-3.8Greece: -3.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsGreece-3.9Croatia: -4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCroatia-4Latvia: -4.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLatvia-4.7Lithuania: -4.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLithuania-4.7Bulgaria: -7 per 1,000 inhabitantsBulgaria-7
per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2019
per 1,000 inhabitants		Change on 2018
1Ireland5.7-0.4 pts
2Cyprus3.7-0.3 pts
3Luxembourg3.1-0.1 pts
4Sweden2.5+0.2 pts
5France2.1-0.1 pts
6Malta1.3-0.3 pts
7Denmark1.2+0.1 pts
8Netherlands1+0.1 pts
9Belgium0.8+0.1 pts
10Slovakia0.7+0.1 pts
11Austria0.20 pts
12Czechia0-0.1 pts
13Slovenia-0.6-0.2 pts
14Poland Series break-0.9-0.2 pts
15Estonia-10 pts
16Spain-1.20 pts
17Finland-1.5-0.2 pts
18Germany-1.9+0.1 pts
19Portugal-2.4+0.1 pts
20Romania Estimated-3.10 pts
21Italy-3.6-0.4 pts
22Hungary-3.8+0.1 pts
23Greece-3.9-0.7 pts
24Croatia-4-0.1 pts
25Latvia-4.7+0.2 pts
25Lithuania-4.7-0.2 pts
27Bulgaria-7-0.1 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Live births minus deaths during the year per 1,000 average residents (Eurostat crude rate of natural change).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind) (EU countries by natural change rate, 2019) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table

MLA 9

Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural change rate, 2019. Eurostat, European Commission, 30 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2019. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). EU countries by natural change rate, 2019. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2019.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind), EU countries by natural change rate, 2019 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2019 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_natural_2019,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo\_gind): EU countries by natural change rate, 2019}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2019. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo\_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo\_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind): EU countries by natural change rate, 2019
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2019
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/natural-change-rate/eu-countries?period=2019.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
Embed this chart

Paste this code into a web page or a blog post. The chart shows the latest figures as they are published, with the source and a link back to this page.

Sites that read oEmbed links, such as WordPress, can show the chart when you paste the link to this page.

Use this data in your AI agent

Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:

Rank EU countries by natural change rate using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"natural_change_rate","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=natural_change_rate&level=country&within=European%20Union%20(27)&limit=10

Connect Claude, ChatGPT or Cursor in one step. The trial answers 25 calls a day without an account.

Questions

Which EU country has the highest natural change rate?

Ireland, with 5.7 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2019, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest natural change rate?

Bulgaria, with -7 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2019.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Natural change rate: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings