Data / Rankings / Housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US) / US states

US states by housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US)

Maine had the highest housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US) of 51 states in 2023, at 21.1%. Washington had the lowest, at 7.4%. The median was 10.7% and the figure for the United States was 10.4%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest21.1Maine
Lowest7.4Washington
Median10.751 states
United States10.4History

Map of states, 2023

Alabama: 15 %Alaska: 18.2 %Arizona: 11 %Arkansas: 14 %California: 7.6 %Colorado: 8.6 %Connecticut: 7.5 %Delaware: 13.5 %District of Columbia: 9.7 %Florida: 15.2 %Georgia: 10.6 %Hawaii: 13.4 %Idaho: 10.7 %Illinois: 8.1 %Indiana: 9.2 %Iowa: 8.7 %Kansas: 9.7 %Kentucky: 10.9 %Louisiana: 14.8 %Maine: 21.1 %Maryland: 8.1 %Massachusetts: 8.4 %Michigan: 12.2 %Minnesota: 9.4 %Mississippi: 15.1 %Missouri: 11.6 %Montana: 13.4 %Nebraska: 8 %Nevada: 9.5 %New Hampshire: 14.5 %New Jersey: 7.9 %New Mexico: 13.1 %New York: 10.2 %North Carolina: 13.1 %North Dakota: 13.3 %Ohio: 8.4 %Oklahoma: 12.5 %Oregon: 7.5 %Pennsylvania: 9.4 %Rhode Island: 9.9 %South Carolina: 13.8 %South Dakota: 10.9 %Tennessee: 10.6 %Texas: 9.6 %Utah: 8.2 %Vermont: 20.1 %Virginia: 9 %Washington: 7.4 %West Virginia: 16.1 %Wisconsin: 11.1 %Wyoming: 13.4 %
  • Under 8.3
  • 8.3 to 9.5
  • 9.5 to 11
  • 11 to 13
  • 13 to 14
  • 14 and over
%, 2023. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

Maine: 21.1 %Maine21.1Vermont: 20.1 %Vermont20.1Alaska: 18.2 %Alaska18.2West Virginia: 16.1 %West Virginia16.1Florida: 15.2 %Florida15.2Mississippi: 15.1 %Mississippi15.1Alabama: 15 %Alabama15Louisiana: 14.8 %Louisiana14.8New Hampshire: 14.5 %New Hampshire14.5Arkansas: 14 %Arkansas14South Carolina: 13.8 %South Carolina13.8Delaware: 13.5 %Delaware13.5Hawaii: 13.4 %Hawaii13.4Montana: 13.4 %Montana13.4Wyoming: 13.4 %Wyoming13.4North Dakota: 13.3 %North Dakota13.3New Mexico: 13.1 %New Mexico13.1North Carolina: 13.1 %North Carolina13.1Oklahoma: 12.5 %Oklahoma12.5Michigan: 12.2 %Michigan12.2Missouri: 11.6 %Missouri11.6Wisconsin: 11.1 %Wisconsin11.1Arizona: 11 %Arizona11South Dakota: 10.9 %South Dakota10.9Kentucky: 10.9 %Kentucky10.9Idaho: 10.7 %Idaho10.7Georgia: 10.6 %Georgia10.6Tennessee: 10.6 %Tennessee10.6New York: 10.2 %New York10.2Rhode Island: 9.9 %Rhode Island9.9District of Columbia: 9.7 %District of Columbia9.7Kansas: 9.7 %Kansas9.7Texas: 9.6 %Texas9.6Nevada: 9.5 %Nevada9.5Pennsylvania: 9.4 %Pennsylvania9.4Minnesota: 9.4 %Minnesota9.4Indiana: 9.2 %Indiana9.2Virginia: 9 %Virginia9Iowa: 8.7 %Iowa8.7Colorado: 8.6 %Colorado8.6Massachusetts: 8.4 %Massachusetts8.4Ohio: 8.4 %Ohio8.4Utah: 8.2 %Utah8.2Illinois: 8.1 %Illinois8.1Maryland: 8.1 %Maryland8.1Nebraska: 8 %Nebraska8New Jersey: 7.9 %New Jersey7.9California: 7.6 %California7.6Connecticut: 7.5 %Connecticut7.5Oregon: 7.5 %Oregon7.5Washington: 7.4 %Washington7.4Maine: 21.1 %Maine21.1Vermont: 20.1 %Vermont20.1Alaska: 18.2 %Alaska18.2West Virginia: 16.1 %West Virginia16.1Florida: 15.2 %Florida15.2Mississippi: 15.1 %Mississippi15.1Alabama: 15 %Alabama15Louisiana: 14.8 %Louisiana14.8New Hampshire: 14.5 %New Hampshire14.5Arkansas: 14 %Arkansas14South Carolina: 13.8 %South Carolina13.8Delaware: 13.5 %Delaware13.5Hawaii: 13.4 %Hawaii13.4Montana: 13.4 %Montana13.4Wyoming: 13.4 %Wyoming13.4North Dakota: 13.3 %North Dakota13.3New Mexico: 13.1 %New Mexico13.1North Carolina: 13.1 %North Carolina13.1Oklahoma: 12.5 %Oklahoma12.5Michigan: 12.2 %Michigan12.2Missouri: 11.6 %Missouri11.6Wisconsin: 11.1 %Wisconsin11.1Arizona: 11 %Arizona11South Dakota: 10.9 %South Dakota10.9Kentucky: 10.9 %Kentucky10.9Idaho: 10.7 %Idaho10.7Georgia: 10.6 %Georgia10.6Tennessee: 10.6 %Tennessee10.6New York: 10.2 %New York10.2Rhode Island: 9.9 %Rhode Island9.9District of Columbia: 9.7 %District of Columbia9.7Kansas: 9.7 %Kansas9.7Texas: 9.6 %Texas9.6Nevada: 9.5 %Nevada9.5Pennsylvania: 9.4 %Pennsylvania9.4Minnesota: 9.4 %Minnesota9.4Indiana: 9.2 %Indiana9.2Virginia: 9 %Virginia9Iowa: 8.7 %Iowa8.7Colorado: 8.6 %Colorado8.6Massachusetts: 8.4 %Massachusetts8.4Ohio: 8.4 %Ohio8.4Utah: 8.2 %Utah8.2Illinois: 8.1 %Illinois8.1Maryland: 8.1 %Maryland8.1Nebraska: 8 %Nebraska8New Jersey: 7.9 %New Jersey7.9California: 7.6 %California7.6Connecticut: 7.5 %Connecticut7.5Oregon: 7.5 %Oregon7.5Washington: 7.4 %Washington7.4
%. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2023 (%)Change on 2022
1Maine21.1-0.7 pts
2Vermont20.1-0.6 pts
3Alaska18.2-0.7 pts
4West Virginia16.1-0.6 pts
5Florida15.2-0.6 pts
6Mississippi15.1-0.3 pts
7Alabama15-0.8 pts
8Louisiana14.8-0.3 pts
9New Hampshire14.5-0.4 pts
10Arkansas14-0.6 pts
11South Carolina13.8-0.6 pts
12Delaware13.5-0.4 pts
13Hawaii13.4-0.3 pts
14Montana13.4-0.8 pts
14Wyoming13.4-0.9 pts
16North Dakota13.3-0.8 pts
17New Mexico13.1-0.7 pts
18North Carolina13.1-0.3 pts
19Oklahoma12.5-0.6 pts
20Michigan12.2-0.3 pts
21Missouri11.6-0.5 pts
22Wisconsin11.1-0.2 pts
23Arizona11-0.6 pts
24South Dakota10.9-0.6 pts
25Kentucky10.9-0.6 pts
26Idaho10.7-0.3 pts
27Georgia10.6-0.2 pts
28Tennessee10.6-0.5 pts
29New York10.2-0.3 pts
30Rhode Island9.9-0.7 pts
31District of Columbia9.7-0.2 pts
32Kansas9.7-0.5 pts
33Texas9.6-0.4 pts
34Nevada9.5-0.2 pts
35Pennsylvania9.4-0.3 pts
36Minnesota9.4-0.1 pts
37Indiana9.2-0.3 pts
38Virginia9-0.3 pts
39Iowa8.7-0.3 pts
40Colorado8.6-0.3 pts
41Massachusetts8.4-0.2 pts
41Ohio8.4-0.4 pts
43Utah8.2-0.4 pts
44Illinois8.1-0.3 pts
45Maryland8.1-0.3 pts
46Nebraska8-0.4 pts
47New Jersey7.9-0.6 pts
48California7.6-0.1 pts
49Connecticut7.5-0.4 pts
50Oregon7.5-0.1 pts
51Washington7.40 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units.

More on how it is measured
  • Vacant units include those for rent or for sale, rented or sold but not yet occupied, for seasonal, recreational or occasional use, for migrant workers, and other vacant units.
  • United States: American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.

This gross rate counts seasonal and other off-market vacant units, so it is much higher than the rental and homeowner vacancy rates of the Housing Vacancy Survey (rental_vacancy_rate and homeowner_vacancy_rate) and cannot be compared with them. Counties with many holiday homes have high rates.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs (US states by housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US), 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat

MLA 9

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs, US states by housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US), 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-vacancy-rate-all-vacant-units/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs. US states by housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US), 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-vacancy-rate-all-vacant-units/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs, US states by housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US), 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-vacancy-rate-all-vacant-units/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_housing_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs: US states by housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US), 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-vacancy-rate-all-vacant-units/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs: US states by housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US), 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/29
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-vacancy-rate-all-vacant-units/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-vacancy-rate-all-vacant-units/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b25002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US)?

Maine, with 21.1% in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US)?

Washington, with 7.4% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25002: vacant housing units as a percentage of all housing units, calculated with stored inputs. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Housing vacancy rate, all vacant units (US): other rankings

US states: more rankings