Data / Rankings / Government balance / EU countries

EU countries by government balance as a share of GDP, 2025

Cyprus had the highest government balance as a share of GDP of 27 EU countries in 2025, at 3.4% of GDP. Romania had the lowest, at -7.9% of GDP. The median was -2.5% of GDP and the figure for the European Union (27) was -3.1% of GDP. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest3.4Cyprus
Lowest-7.9Romania
Median-2.527 EU countries
European Union (27)-3.1History

All EU countries, 2025

CSVChart (SVG)

CyprusCyprus: 3.4 % of GDP3.4DenmarkDenmark: 2.9 % of GDP2.9IrelandIreland: 1.8 % of GDP1.8GreeceGreece: 1.7 % of GDP1.7PortugalPortugal: 0.7 % of GDP0.7SwedenSweden: -1.3 % of GDP-1.3NetherlandsNetherlands: -1.6 % of GDP-1.6LithuaniaLithuania: -1.8 % of GDP-1.8EstoniaEstonia: -2 % of GDP-2LuxembourgLuxembourg: -2 % of GDP-2CzechiaCzechia: -2.1 % of GDP-2.1MaltaMalta: -2.2 % of GDP-2.2SpainSpain: -2.4 % of GDP-2.4LatviaLatvia: -2.5 % of GDP-2.5SloveniaSlovenia: -2.5 % of GDP-2.5GermanyGermany: -2.7 % of GDP-2.7CroatiaCroatia: -3 % of GDP-3ItalyItaly: -3.1 % of GDP-3.1FinlandFinland: -3.4 % of GDP-3.4BulgariaBulgaria: -3.5 % of GDP-3.5AustriaAustria: -4.2 % of GDP-4.2SlovakiaSlovakia: -4.5 % of GDP-4.5HungaryHungary: -4.7 % of GDP-4.7FranceFrance: -5.1 % of GDP-5.1BelgiumBelgium: -5.2 % of GDP-5.2PolandPoland: -7.3 % of GDP-7.3RomaniaRomania: -7.9 % of GDP-7.9
% of GDP. Source: Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2025
% of GDP		Change on 2024
1Cyprus3.4-0.7 pts
2Denmark2.9-1.6 pts
3Ireland1.8-2.3 pts
4Greece1.7+0.4 pts
5Portugal0.7+0.1 pts
6Sweden-1.3+0.2 pts
7Netherlands-1.6-0.9 pts
8Lithuania-1.8-0.5 pts
9Estonia-2-0.9 pts
9Luxembourg-2-2.9 pts
11Czechia-2.1-0.1 pts
12Malta-2.2+1.2 pts
13Spain-2.4+0.8 pts
14Latvia-2.5-0.7 pts
14Slovenia-2.5-1.6 pts
16Germany-2.70 pts
17Croatia-3-0.7 pts
18Italy-3.1+0.3 pts
19Finland-3.4+1 pts
20Bulgaria-3.5-0.5 pts
21Austria-4.2+0.4 pts
22Slovakia-4.5+0.8 pts
23Hungary-4.7+0.4 pts
24France-5.1+0.7 pts
25Belgium-5.2-0.8 pts
26Poland-7.3-0.9 pts
27Romania-7.9+1.4 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

General government net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) as a percentage of GDP.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Government deficit and debt, net lending or borrowing (gov_10dd_edpt1). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/gov_10dd_edpt1/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-07.

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Questions

Which EU country has the highest government balance as a share of GDP?

Cyprus, with 3.4% of GDP in 2025, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest government balance as a share of GDP?

Romania, with -7.9% of GDP in 2025.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Government deficit and debt, net lending or borrowing (gov_10dd_edpt1). Retrieved 2026-10-07.

EU countries: more rankings