Data / Rankings / General government gross debt, national accounts / Countries

Countries by general government gross debt, national accounts

Japan had the highest general government gross debt, national accounts of 36 countries in 2014, at 230.4% of GDP. Estonia had the lowest, at 14.7% of GDP. The median was 77.1% of GDP. Source: the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

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Highest230.4Japan
Lowest14.7Estonia
Median77.136 countries

Map of countries, 2014

Austria: 105.6 % of GDPAustralia: 60.3 % of GDPBelgium: 130.7 % of GDPCanada: 108.9 % of GDPSwitzerland: 43.7 % of GDPChile: 22.4 % of GDPCzechia: 54.8 % of GDPGermany: 83.4 % of GDPDenmark: 63.8 % of GDPEstonia: 14.7 % of GDPSpain: 123.1 % of GDPFinland: 76.3 % of GDPFrance: 121 % of GDPUnited Kingdom: 109.1 % of GDPGreece: 184.3 % of GDPHungary: 100.6 % of GDPIreland: 122.7 % of GDPIsrael: 77.8 % of GDPIceland: 145 % of GDPItaly: 154.8 % of GDPJapan: 230.4 % of GDPSouth Korea: 48.4 % of GDPLithuania: 52.9 % of GDPLuxembourg: 29.1 % of GDPLatvia: 52.7 % of GDPMexico: 50.1 % of GDPNetherlands: 82.8 % of GDPNorway: 33.5 % of GDPNew Zealand: 49 % of GDPPoland: 71.6 % of GDPPortugal: 149.8 % of GDPSweden: 65.5 % of GDPSlovenia: 101.1 % of GDPSlovakia: 67.9 % of GDPTürkiye: 33.1 % of GDPUnited States: 135.7 % of GDP
  • Under 48
  • 48 to 58
  • 58 to 77
  • 77 to 110
  • 110 to 130
  • 130 and over
  • No data
% of GDP, 2014. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: OECD, OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All countries, 2014

Japan: 230.4 % of GDPJapan230.4Greece: 184.3 % of GDPGreece184.3Italy: 154.8 % of GDPItaly154.8Portugal: 149.8 % of GDPPortugal149.8Iceland: 145 % of GDPIceland145United States: 135.7 % of GDPUnited States135.7Belgium: 130.7 % of GDPBelgium130.7Spain: 123.1 % of GDPSpain123.1Ireland: 122.7 % of GDPIreland122.7France: 121 % of GDPFrance121United Kingdom: 109.1 % of GDPUnited Kingdom109.1Canada: 108.9 % of GDPCanada108.9Austria: 105.6 % of GDPAustria105.6Slovenia: 101.1 % of GDPSlovenia101.1Hungary: 100.6 % of GDPHungary100.6Germany: 83.4 % of GDPGermany83.4Netherlands: 82.8 % of GDPNetherlands82.8Israel: 77.8 % of GDPIsrael77.8Finland: 76.3 % of GDPFinland76.3Poland: 71.6 % of GDPPoland71.6Slovakia: 67.9 % of GDPSlovakia67.9Sweden: 65.5 % of GDPSweden65.5Denmark: 63.8 % of GDPDenmark63.8Australia: 60.3 % of GDPAustralia60.3Czechia: 54.8 % of GDPCzechia54.8Lithuania: 52.9 % of GDPLithuania52.9Latvia: 52.7 % of GDPLatvia52.7Mexico: 50.1 % of GDPMexico50.1New Zealand: 49 % of GDPNew Zealand49South Korea: 48.4 % of GDPSouth Korea48.4Switzerland: 43.7 % of GDPSwitzerland43.7Norway: 33.5 % of GDPNorway33.5Türkiye: 33.1 % of GDPTürkiye33.1Luxembourg: 29.1 % of GDPLuxembourg29.1Chile: 22.4 % of GDPChile22.4Estonia: 14.7 % of GDPEstonia14.7Japan: 230.4 % of GDPJapan230.4Greece: 184.3 % of GDPGreece184.3Italy: 154.8 % of GDPItaly154.8Portugal: 149.8 % of GDPPortugal149.8Iceland: 145 % of GDPIceland145United States: 135.7 % of GDPUnited States135.7Belgium: 130.7 % of GDPBelgium130.7Spain: 123.1 % of GDPSpain123.1Ireland: 122.7 % of GDPIreland122.7France: 121 % of GDPFrance121United Kingdom: 109.1 % of GDPUnited Kingdom109.1Canada: 108.9 % of GDPCanada108.9Austria: 105.6 % of GDPAustria105.6Slovenia: 101.1 % of GDPSlovenia101.1Hungary: 100.6 % of GDPHungary100.6Germany: 83.4 % of GDPGermany83.4Netherlands: 82.8 % of GDPNetherlands82.8Israel: 77.8 % of GDPIsrael77.8Finland: 76.3 % of GDPFinland76.3Poland: 71.6 % of GDPPoland71.6Slovakia: 67.9 % of GDPSlovakia67.9Sweden: 65.5 % of GDPSweden65.5Denmark: 63.8 % of GDPDenmark63.8Australia: 60.3 % of GDPAustralia60.3Czechia: 54.8 % of GDPCzechia54.8Lithuania: 52.9 % of GDPLithuania52.9Latvia: 52.7 % of GDPLatvia52.7Mexico: 50.1 % of GDPMexico50.1New Zealand: 49 % of GDPNew Zealand49South Korea: 48.4 % of GDPSouth Korea48.4Switzerland: 43.7 % of GDPSwitzerland43.7Norway: 33.5 % of GDPNorway33.5Türkiye: 33.1 % of GDPTürkiye33.1Luxembourg: 29.1 % of GDPLuxembourg29.1Chile: 22.4 % of GDPChile22.4Estonia: 14.7 % of GDPEstonia14.7
% of GDP. Source: OECD, OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankCountries2014
% of GDP		Change on 2013
1Japan230.4+3.1 pts
2Greece184.3+1.1 pts
3Italy154.8+12 pts
4Portugal149.8+9.8 pts
5Iceland145-5.8 pts
6United States135.7-0.3 pts
7Belgium130.7+12 pts
8Spain123.1+12.3 pts
9Ireland122.7-8.6 pts
10France121+8.2 pts
11United Kingdom109.1+9.6 pts
12Canada108.9+0.7 pts
13Austria105.6+7.6 pts
14Slovenia101.1+20.7 pts
15Hungary100.6+3.3 pts
16Germany83.4-0.1 pts
17Netherlands82.8+4.3 pts
18Israel77.8+0.7 pts
19Finland76.3+7.2 pts
20Poland71.6+4.7 pts
21Slovakia67.9+2.4 pts
22Sweden65.5+6.4 pts
23Denmark63.8+4.2 pts
24Australia60.3+5.5 pts
25Czechia54.8-1.2 pts
26Lithuania52.9+4.7 pts
27Latvia52.7+5.2 pts
28Mexico50.1+0.7 pts
29New Zealand49-2.1 pts
30South Korea48.4+2.6 pts
31Switzerland43.7-0.2 pts
32Norway33.5-1.7 pts
33Türkiye33.1-1 pts
34Luxembourg29.1+0.9 pts
35Chile22.4+3.3 pts
36Estonia14.7-0 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Gross debt of general government (central, state and local government and social security funds) as a percentage of GDP, under the System of National Accounts: all liabilities that are debt instruments, including loans, debt securities, currency and deposits, insurance and pension entitlements and other accounts payable.

Not the Maastricht debt in government_debt: this measure also counts pension entitlements and accounts payable, and some countries value securities at market prices, so it is usually higher. Use it to compare OECD countries with each other.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. 1 countries with data in other periods have no value for 2014 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

OECD. OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4). https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD. Accessed 2026-10-12. Data reuse terms and downstream attribution: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2026). OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4) (Countries by general government gross debt, national accounts, 2014) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD

MLA 9

OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4), Countries by general government gross debt, national accounts, 2014. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 12 Oct. 2026, https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-gross-debt/countries?period=2014. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2026. OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4). Countries by general government gross debt, national accounts, 2014. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-gross-debt/countries?period=2014.

Harvard

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2026) OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4), Countries by general government gross debt, national accounts, 2014 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-gross-debt/countries?period=2014 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{organisation_countries_by_general_government_2014,
  author = {{Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development}},
  title = {{OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD\_NAAG\_VI@DF\_NAAG\_VI, LES13\_FD4): Countries by general government gross debt, national accounts, 2014}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-gross-debt/countries?period=2014. Publisher attribution: OECD. OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD\_NAAG\_VI@DF\_NAAG\_VI, LES13\_FD4). https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ\&df[id]=DSD\_NAAG\_VI\%40DF\_NAAG\_VI\&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD. Accessed 2026-10-12. Data reuse terms and downstream attribution: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
TI  - OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4): Countries by general government gross debt, national accounts, 2014
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/12
PB  - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-gross-debt/countries?period=2014
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-gross-debt/countries?period=2014.
N1  - Publisher attribution: OECD. OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4). https://data-explorer.oecd.org/vis?df[ds]=dsDisseminateFinalDMZ&df[id]=DSD_NAAG_VI%40DF_NAAG_VI&df[ag]=OECD.SDD.NAD. Accessed 2026-10-12. Data reuse terms and downstream attribution: https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions.html.
ER  -
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Questions

Which country has the highest general government gross debt, national accounts?

Japan, with 230.4% of GDP in 2014, according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Which country has the lowest general government gross debt, national accounts?

Estonia, with 14.7% of GDP in 2014.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD National Accounts at a Glance: gross debt of general government, percentage of GDP (DSD_NAAG_VI@DF_NAAG_VI, LES13_FD4). Retrieved 2026-10-12. 1 countries have no value for 2014 and are not ranked.

General government gross debt, national accounts: other rankings

Countries: more rankings