Data / European Union (27) / Profile

European Union (27) in figures

A profile of the European Union (27) from official statistics: 42 figures in 9 sections, each with its period, its change from a year earlier, its rank among similar places where a ranking exists, and its source.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

People

Population in the European Union (27) was 450.65 million (estimated) in 2025, up 0.3% from 2024.

Population450.65 million2025, estimatedUp 0.3% from 2024
Natural change rate-3 per 1,000 inhabitants2025, estimatedDown 0.2 per 1,000 inhabitants from 2024
Population density109.7 inhabitants per km²2024, estimatedUp 0.4% from 2023 (the 2023 figure is series break)
Net migration including statistical adjustment2.06 million2025, estimatedCompared with 2.42 million in 2024
Total fertility rate1.34 children per woman2024, estimatedDown 0.04 children per woman from 2023 (the 2023 figure is series break)
Tertiary education attainment, ages 25 to 6436.9%2025Up 1 percentage point from 2024
425M430M435M440M445M450M455M20012005200920132017202120252001: 429,240,746 persons2002: 429,723,142 persons2003: 431,190,184 persons2004: 432,762,039 persons2005: 434,416,272 persons2006: 435,816,236 persons2007: 437,227,496 persons2008: 438,725,386 persons2009: 440,047,892 persons2010: 440,660,421 persons2011: 439,942,305 persons2012: 440,552,661 persons2013: 441,739,930 persons2014: 442,268,078 persons2015: 442,924,865 persons2016: 444,003,268 persons2017: 444,670,605 persons2018: 445,301,376 persons2019: 446,149,924 persons2020: 447,030,024 persons2021: 445,891,011 persons2022: 445,972,024 persons2023: 447,695,350 persons2024: 449,306,184 persons2025: 450,646,971 persons420M430M440M450M460M2001201020252001: 429,240,746 persons2002: 429,723,142 persons2003: 431,190,184 persons2004: 432,762,039 persons2005: 434,416,272 persons2006: 435,816,236 persons2007: 437,227,496 persons2008: 438,725,386 persons2009: 440,047,892 persons2010: 440,660,421 persons2011: 439,942,305 persons2012: 440,552,661 persons2013: 441,739,930 persons2014: 442,268,078 persons2015: 442,924,865 persons2016: 444,003,268 persons2017: 444,670,605 persons2018: 445,301,376 persons2019: 446,149,924 persons2020: 447,030,024 persons2021: 445,891,011 persons2022: 445,972,024 persons2023: 447,695,350 persons2024: 449,306,184 persons2025: 450,646,971 persons
Population, 2001 to 2025. persons. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Population on 1 January by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanaggr3).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Population on 1 January by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_pjanaggr3); Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of natural change of population (demo_gind); Eurostat, European Commission, Population density by NUTS 3 region (demo_r_d3dens); Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind); Eurostat, European Commission, Fertility indicators (demo_find); Eurostat, European Commission, Population by educational attainment level, tertiary education (levels 5 to 8), 25 to 64 years (edat_lfse_03). Population and demography statistics and rankings

Work and income

Unemployment rate in the European Union (27) was 6% in 2025, unchanged from 2024.

Unemployment rate6%2025Unchanged from 2024
Household disposable income per inhabitant€21,0002023Up 7.1% from 2022
Average full-time adjusted annual salary€39,8082024Up 5.2% from 2023
Employment rate76.1%2025Up 0.4 percentage points from 2024
At-risk-of-poverty rate16.3%2025Up 0.1 percentage points from 2024
Activity rate75.6%2025Up 0.3 percentage points from 2024
6810122009201220152018202120252009: 9.3 %2010: 10.1 %2011: 10.1 %2012: 11.1 %2013: 11.6 %2014: 11 %2015: 10.2 %2016: 9.3 %2017: 8.3 %2018: 7.4 %2019: 6.8 %2020: 7.2 %2021: 7.1 %2022: 6.2 %2023: 6.1 %2024: 6 %2025: 6 %6810122009201520252009: 9.3 %2010: 10.1 %2011: 10.1 %2012: 11.1 %2013: 11.6 %2014: 11 %2015: 10.2 %2016: 9.3 %2017: 8.3 %2018: 7.4 %2019: 6.8 %2020: 7.2 %2021: 7.1 %2022: 6.2 %2023: 6.1 %2024: 6 %2025: 6 %
Unemployment rate, 2009 to 2025. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Unemployment by sex and age, annual data (une_rt_a).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Unemployment by sex and age, annual data (une_rt_a); Eurostat, European Commission, Income of households by NUTS 2 region, net disposable income, EUR per inhabitant (nama_10r_2hhinc); Eurostat, European Commission, Average full time adjusted salary per employee, euro (nama_10_fte); Eurostat, European Commission, Employment and activity by sex and age, annual data, employment rate 20 to 64 (lfsi_emp_a); Eurostat, European Commission, At-risk-of-poverty rate (ilc_li02); Eurostat, European Commission, Employment and activity by sex and age, annual data, activity rate 15 to 64 (lfsi_emp_a). Labor market statistics and rankings

Economy

GDP (euros) in the European Union (27) was €18.86 trillion in 2025, up 4.2% from 2024.

Gross domestic product (GDP)€18.86 trillion2025Up 4.2% from 2024
GDP per capita€41,7002025Up 4% from 2024
Real GDP growth1.4%2025Up 0.1 percentage points from 2024
GDP per capita in PPS (EU27 = 100)100%2024Unchanged from 2023
Government debt81.7% of GDP2025Up 1 percentage point from 2024
7.5M10M12.5M15M17.5M20M20012005200920132017202120252001: 8,260,285 EUR million2002: 8,559,614 EUR million2003: 8,792,709 EUR million2004: 9,195,626 EUR million2005: 9,599,968 EUR million2006: 10,160,665 EUR million2007: 10,788,219 EUR million2008: 11,136,711 EUR million2009: 10,650,731 EUR million2010: 11,047,319 EUR million2011: 11,407,470 EUR million2012: 11,467,712 EUR million2013: 11,597,071 EUR million2014: 11,871,005 EUR million2015: 12,315,196 EUR million2016: 12,647,805 EUR million2017: 13,181,988 EUR million2018: 13,645,001 EUR million2019: 14,142,961 EUR million2020: 13,604,738 EUR million2021: 14,823,075 EUR million2022: 16,194,129 EUR million2023: 17,294,869 EUR million2024: 18,101,412 EUR million2025: 18,856,105 EUR million5M10M15M20M2001201020252001: 8,260,285 EUR million2002: 8,559,614 EUR million2003: 8,792,709 EUR million2004: 9,195,626 EUR million2005: 9,599,968 EUR million2006: 10,160,665 EUR million2007: 10,788,219 EUR million2008: 11,136,711 EUR million2009: 10,650,731 EUR million2010: 11,047,319 EUR million2011: 11,407,470 EUR million2012: 11,467,712 EUR million2013: 11,597,071 EUR million2014: 11,871,005 EUR million2015: 12,315,196 EUR million2016: 12,647,805 EUR million2017: 13,181,988 EUR million2018: 13,645,001 EUR million2019: 14,142,961 EUR million2020: 13,604,738 EUR million2021: 14,823,075 EUR million2022: 16,194,129 EUR million2023: 17,294,869 EUR million2024: 18,101,412 EUR million2025: 18,856,105 EUR million
Gross domestic product (GDP), 2001 to 2025. EUR million. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, GDP and main components, current prices (nama_10_gdp).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, GDP and main components, current prices (nama_10_gdp); Eurostat, European Commission, Main GDP aggregates per capita (nama_10_pc); Eurostat, European Commission, GDP and main components, chain-linked volumes, percentage change (nama_10_gdp); Eurostat, European Commission, GDP per inhabitant in PPS, EU27 = 100, by NUTS 3 region (nama_10r_3gdp); Eurostat, European Commission, Government deficit and debt (gov_10dd_edpt1). Economy statistics and rankings

Prices and housing

HICP inflation rate in the European Union (27) was 3.2% in August 2026, up 0.8 percentage points from August 2025.

HICP inflation (annual rate)3.2%August 2026Up 0.8 percentage points from August 2025
House prices, annual change4.7%Q2 2026Down 0.7 percentage points from Q2 2025
Population living in owner-occupied homes68.5%2025Up 0.1 percentage points from 2024
246810122021-082022-052023-022023-112024-082025-052026-082021-08: 3.2 %2021-09: 3.6 %2021-10: 4.4 %2021-11: 5.2 %2021-12: 5.3 %2022-01: 5.6 %2022-02: 6.2 %2022-03: 7.8 %2022-04: 8.1 %2022-05: 8.8 %2022-06: 9.6 %2022-07: 9.8 %2022-08: 10.1 %2022-09: 10.9 %2022-10: 11.5 %2022-11: 11.1 %2022-12: 10.4 %2023-01: 10 %2023-02: 9.9 %2023-03: 8.3 %2023-04: 8.1 %2023-05: 7.1 %2023-06: 6.4 %2023-07: 6.1 %2023-08: 5.9 %2023-09: 4.9 %2023-10: 3.6 %2023-11: 3.1 %2023-12: 3.4 %2024-01: 3.1 %2024-02: 2.8 %2024-03: 2.6 %2024-04: 2.6 %2024-05: 2.7 %2024-06: 2.6 %2024-07: 2.8 %2024-08: 2.4 %2024-09: 2.1 %2024-10: 2.3 %2024-11: 2.5 %2024-12: 2.7 %2025-01: 2.8 %2025-02: 2.7 %2025-03: 2.5 %2025-04: 2.4 %2025-05: 2.2 %2025-06: 2.3 %2025-07: 2.4 %2025-08: 2.4 %2025-09: 2.6 %2025-10: 2.5 %2025-11: 2.4 %2025-12: 2.3 %2026-01: 2 %2026-02: 2.1 %2026-03: 2.8 %2026-04: 3.2 %2026-05: 3.3 %2026-06: 2.9 %2026-07: 3 %2026-08: 3.2 %02.557.51012.52021-082023-052025-022026-082021-08: 3.2 %2021-09: 3.6 %2021-10: 4.4 %2021-11: 5.2 %2021-12: 5.3 %2022-01: 5.6 %2022-02: 6.2 %2022-03: 7.8 %2022-04: 8.1 %2022-05: 8.8 %2022-06: 9.6 %2022-07: 9.8 %2022-08: 10.1 %2022-09: 10.9 %2022-10: 11.5 %2022-11: 11.1 %2022-12: 10.4 %2023-01: 10 %2023-02: 9.9 %2023-03: 8.3 %2023-04: 8.1 %2023-05: 7.1 %2023-06: 6.4 %2023-07: 6.1 %2023-08: 5.9 %2023-09: 4.9 %2023-10: 3.6 %2023-11: 3.1 %2023-12: 3.4 %2024-01: 3.1 %2024-02: 2.8 %2024-03: 2.6 %2024-04: 2.6 %2024-05: 2.7 %2024-06: 2.6 %2024-07: 2.8 %2024-08: 2.4 %2024-09: 2.1 %2024-10: 2.3 %2024-11: 2.5 %2024-12: 2.7 %2025-01: 2.8 %2025-02: 2.7 %2025-03: 2.5 %2025-04: 2.4 %2025-05: 2.2 %2025-06: 2.3 %2025-07: 2.4 %2025-08: 2.4 %2025-09: 2.6 %2025-10: 2.5 %2025-11: 2.4 %2025-12: 2.3 %2026-01: 2 %2026-02: 2.1 %2026-03: 2.8 %2026-04: 3.2 %2026-05: 3.3 %2026-06: 2.9 %2026-07: 3 %2026-08: 3.2 %
HICP inflation (annual rate), August 2021 to August 2026. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, HICP, monthly data, annual rate of change (prc_hicp_minr).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, HICP, monthly data, annual rate of change (prc_hicp_minr); Eurostat, European Commission, House price index, quarterly, annual rate of change (prc_hpi_q); Eurostat, European Commission, Distribution of population by tenure status, owner, all households and incomes (ilc_lvho02). Housing statistics and rankings

Consumers

Consumer confidence indicator in the European Union (27) was -15.8 balance, percentage points in September 2026, down 2.2 percentage points from September 2025.

Consumer confidence indicator-15.8 balance, percentage pointsSeptember 2026Down 2.2 percentage points from September 2025
Price level index for household consumption (EU27 = 100)1002025Unchanged from 2024
Severe material and social deprivation rate6.3%2025Down 0.1 percentage points from 2024
People who bought online in the last 12 months73.6%2025Up 1.8 percentage points from 2024
People unable to face unexpected expenses29.2%2025Down 0.8 percentage points from 2024
-30-20-1002021-092022-062023-032023-122024-092025-062026-092021-09: -3.1 balance, percentage points2021-10: -4.6 balance, percentage points2021-11: -7.7 balance, percentage points2021-12: -8.6 balance, percentage points2022-01: -9.3 balance, percentage points2022-02: -9.1 balance, percentage points2022-03: -21.1 balance, percentage points2022-04: -21.2 balance, percentage points2022-05: -20.9 balance, percentage points2022-06: -23.7 balance, percentage points2022-07: -26.6 balance, percentage points2022-08: -24.7 balance, percentage points2022-09: -28.4 balance, percentage points2022-10: -27.3 balance, percentage points2022-11: -23.8 balance, percentage points2022-12: -22.1 balance, percentage points2023-01: -20.6 balance, percentage points2023-02: -18.9 balance, percentage points2023-03: -18.7 balance, percentage points2023-04: -16.6 balance, percentage points2023-05: -16.5 balance, percentage points2023-06: -15.4 balance, percentage points2023-07: -14.4 balance, percentage points2023-08: -15.2 balance, percentage points2023-09: -16.9 balance, percentage points2023-10: -16.7 balance, percentage points2023-11: -15.7 balance, percentage points2023-12: -13.9 balance, percentage points2024-01: -14.2 balance, percentage points2024-02: -13.9 balance, percentage points2024-03: -13 balance, percentage points2024-04: -12.5 balance, percentage points2024-05: -12.5 balance, percentage points2024-06: -12 balance, percentage points2024-07: -11.5 balance, percentage points2024-08: -11.8 balance, percentage points2024-09: -11.4 balance, percentage points2024-10: -11 balance, percentage points2024-11: -11.8 balance, percentage points2024-12: -12.4 balance, percentage points2025-01: -12.5 balance, percentage points2025-02: -12.5 balance, percentage points2025-03: -13.3 balance, percentage points2025-04: -15.2 balance, percentage points2025-05: -13.7 balance, percentage points2025-06: -14 balance, percentage points2025-07: -13.8 balance, percentage points2025-08: -14.3 balance, percentage points2025-09: -13.6 balance, percentage points2025-10: -12.8 balance, percentage points2025-11: -12.9 balance, percentage points2025-12: -13.1 balance, percentage points2026-01: -12.5 balance, percentage points2026-02: -12.2 balance, percentage points2026-03: -15.8 balance, percentage points2026-04: -19.8 balance, percentage points2026-05: -18.2 balance, percentage points2026-06: -17 balance, percentage points2026-07: -15.2 balance, percentage points2026-08: -15 balance, percentage points2026-09: -15.8 balance, percentage points-30-20-1002021-092023-062025-032026-092021-09: -3.1 balance, percentage points2021-10: -4.6 balance, percentage points2021-11: -7.7 balance, percentage points2021-12: -8.6 balance, percentage points2022-01: -9.3 balance, percentage points2022-02: -9.1 balance, percentage points2022-03: -21.1 balance, percentage points2022-04: -21.2 balance, percentage points2022-05: -20.9 balance, percentage points2022-06: -23.7 balance, percentage points2022-07: -26.6 balance, percentage points2022-08: -24.7 balance, percentage points2022-09: -28.4 balance, percentage points2022-10: -27.3 balance, percentage points2022-11: -23.8 balance, percentage points2022-12: -22.1 balance, percentage points2023-01: -20.6 balance, percentage points2023-02: -18.9 balance, percentage points2023-03: -18.7 balance, percentage points2023-04: -16.6 balance, percentage points2023-05: -16.5 balance, percentage points2023-06: -15.4 balance, percentage points2023-07: -14.4 balance, percentage points2023-08: -15.2 balance, percentage points2023-09: -16.9 balance, percentage points2023-10: -16.7 balance, percentage points2023-11: -15.7 balance, percentage points2023-12: -13.9 balance, percentage points2024-01: -14.2 balance, percentage points2024-02: -13.9 balance, percentage points2024-03: -13 balance, percentage points2024-04: -12.5 balance, percentage points2024-05: -12.5 balance, percentage points2024-06: -12 balance, percentage points2024-07: -11.5 balance, percentage points2024-08: -11.8 balance, percentage points2024-09: -11.4 balance, percentage points2024-10: -11 balance, percentage points2024-11: -11.8 balance, percentage points2024-12: -12.4 balance, percentage points2025-01: -12.5 balance, percentage points2025-02: -12.5 balance, percentage points2025-03: -13.3 balance, percentage points2025-04: -15.2 balance, percentage points2025-05: -13.7 balance, percentage points2025-06: -14 balance, percentage points2025-07: -13.8 balance, percentage points2025-08: -14.3 balance, percentage points2025-09: -13.6 balance, percentage points2025-10: -12.8 balance, percentage points2025-11: -12.9 balance, percentage points2025-12: -13.1 balance, percentage points2026-01: -12.5 balance, percentage points2026-02: -12.2 balance, percentage points2026-03: -15.8 balance, percentage points2026-04: -19.8 balance, percentage points2026-05: -18.2 balance, percentage points2026-06: -17 balance, percentage points2026-07: -15.2 balance, percentage points2026-08: -15 balance, percentage points2026-09: -15.8 balance, percentage points
Consumer confidence indicator, September 2021 to September 2026. balance, percentage points. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, European Commission (DG ECFIN) business and consumer surveys: consumer confidence indicator, balance in percentage points, seasonally adjusted (ei_bsco_m, BS-CSMCI).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, European Commission (DG ECFIN) business and consumer surveys: consumer confidence indicator, balance in percentage points, seasonally adjusted (ei_bsco_m, BS-CSMCI); Eurostat, European Commission, Purchasing power parities, price level indices (EU27_2020 = 100), household final consumption expenditure (prc_ppp_ind_1, COICOP 2018 E011); Eurostat, European Commission, Severe material and social deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdsd11); Eurostat, European Commission, Internet purchases by individuals, last online purchase in the 12 months, all individuals (isoc_ec_ib20); Eurostat, European Commission, Inability to face unexpected financial expenses, total population, all household types and incomes (ilc_mdes04). Economy statistics and rankings

Business and tourism

Active enterprises in the European Union (27) were 34.19 million in 2024, up 2.6% from 2023.

Active enterprises34.19 million2024Up 2.6% from 2023
Enterprise births3.54 million2024Up 1.3% from 2023
Enterprise birth rate10.36%2024Down 0.14 percentage points from 2023
Enterprise death rate9.2%2024, provisionalUp 1.13 percentage points from 2023
Nights spent in tourist accommodation3.14 billion2025Up 4.1% from 2024
Nights spent in tourist accommodation by non-residents (foreign guests)1.54 billion2025Up 6% from 2024
31M32M33M34M35M20212022202320242021: 31,506,700 count2022: 32,591,380 count2023: 33,311,582 count2024: 34,188,564 count31M32M33M34M35M202120242021: 31,506,700 count2022: 32,591,380 count2023: 33,311,582 count2024: 34,188,564 count
Active enterprises, 2021 to 2024. count. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Business demography by size class and NACE Rev. 2 activity, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprises, number (bd_size).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Business demography by size class and NACE Rev. 2 activity, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprises, number (bd_size); Eurostat, European Commission, Business demography by size class and NACE Rev. 2 activity, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise births, number (bd_size); Eurostat, European Commission, Business demography by size class and NACE Rev. 2 activity, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size); Eurostat, European Commission, Business demography by size class and NACE Rev. 2 activity, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, death rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size); Eurostat, European Commission, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 and 3 region (tour_occ_nin2); Eurostat, European Commission, Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 3 region, non-residents (foreign country of residence), hotels, holiday accommodation and campsites (tour_occ_nin2). Companies statistics and rankings

Health

Life expectancy in the European Union (27) was 81.5 years (estimated) in 2024, up 0.3 years from 2023 (the 2023 figure is series break).

Life expectancy at birth81.5 years2024, estimatedUp 0.3 years from 2023 (the 2023 figure is series break)
Infant mortality rate3.5 per 1,000 live births2024Up 0.2 per 1,000 live births from 2023
Age-standardised death rate, all causes963.4 per 100,000 people2023Down 75.7 per 100,000 people from 2022
7778798081822002200620102014201820242002: 77.6 years2003: 77.7 years2004: 78.3 years2005: 78.4 years2006: 78.9 years2007: 79.1 years2008: 79.3 years2009: 79.5 years2010: 79.8 years2011: 80.1 years2012: 80.2 years2013: 80.5 years2014: 80.6 years2015: 80.5 years2016: 80.7 years2017: 80.7 years2018: 80.8 years2019: 81.1 years2020: 80.3 years2021: 80 years2022: 80.6 years2023: 81.2 years2024: 81.5 years77787980818220022010201820242002: 77.6 years2003: 77.7 years2004: 78.3 years2005: 78.4 years2006: 78.9 years2007: 79.1 years2008: 79.3 years2009: 79.5 years2010: 79.8 years2011: 80.1 years2012: 80.2 years2013: 80.5 years2014: 80.6 years2015: 80.5 years2016: 80.7 years2017: 80.7 years2018: 80.8 years2019: 81.1 years2020: 80.3 years2021: 80 years2022: 80.6 years2023: 81.2 years2024: 81.5 years
Life expectancy at birth, 2002 to 2024. years. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Life expectancy by age and sex (demo_mlexpec); Eurostat, European Commission, Infant mortality rates (demo_minfind); Eurostat, European Commission, Causes of death, standardised death rate by NUTS 2 region of residence, [object Object], ICD-10 TOTAL (hlth_cd_asdr2). Health statistics and rankings

Digital

Share of people using the internet in the European Union (27) was 93.8% in 2025, up 1 percentage point from 2024.

Internet use in the last 3 months93.8%2025Up 1 percentage point from 2024
People using generative AI32.7%2025No 2024 figure to compare
Enterprises buying cloud computing services52.7%2025No 2024 figure to compare
ICT specialists in employment5%2025, estimatedUp 0.1 percentage points from 2024
E-commerce share of enterprise turnover19.49%2025Up 0.36 percentage points from 2024
506070809010020072010201320162019202220252007: 55 %2008: 59.4 %2009: 62.9 %2010: 66.5 %2011: 69.4 %2012: 71.6 %2013: 73.3 %2014: 76.1 %2015: 77.8 %2016: 80.2 %2017: 82 %2018: 83.9 %2019: 85.9 %2020: 87.6 %2021: 89 %2022: 89.9 %2023: 91.4 %2024: 92.8 %2025: 93.8 %50607080901002007201420252007: 55 %2008: 59.4 %2009: 62.9 %2010: 66.5 %2011: 69.4 %2012: 71.6 %2013: 73.3 %2014: 76.1 %2015: 77.8 %2016: 80.2 %2017: 82 %2018: 83.9 %2019: 85.9 %2020: 87.6 %2021: 89 %2022: 89.9 %2023: 91.4 %2024: 92.8 %2025: 93.8 %
Internet use in the last 3 months, 2007 to 2025. %. Source: Eurostat, European Commission, Individuals, internet use in the last 3 months (isoc_ci_ifp_iu).

Sources: Eurostat, European Commission, Individuals, internet use in the last 3 months (isoc_ci_ifp_iu); Eurostat, European Commission, Individuals, use of generative AI tools in the last 3 months (isoc_ai_iaiu); Eurostat, European Commission, Cloud computing services by size class of enterprise, enterprises buying cloud services (isoc_cicce_use); Eurostat, European Commission, Employed ICT specialists, percentage of total employment (isoc_sks_itspt); Eurostat, European Commission, E-commerce sales as a percentage of total enterprise turnover, survey year (isoc_ec_evaln2). AI and digital economy statistics and rankings

Energy and environment

Greenhouse gas emissions per person in the European Union (27) were 6.72 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person in 2024, down 2.7% from 2023.

Greenhouse gas emissions per person6.72 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2024Down 2.7% from 2023
Renewable energy share of energy consumption26.2%2025, provisionalUp 1 percentage point from 2024
Municipal waste recycling rate48.1%2024Up 0.2 percentage points from 2023
6789101120002004200820122016202020242000: 10.38 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2001: 10.47 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2002: 10.43 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2003: 10.57 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2004: 10.54 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2005: 10.44 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2006: 10.42 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2007: 10.26 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2008: 10.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2009: 9.3 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2010: 9.46 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2011: 9.21 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2012: 9.03 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2013: 8.82 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2014: 8.48 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2015: 8.57 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2016: 8.55 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2017: 8.59 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2018: 8.38 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2019: 8.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2020: 7.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2021: 7.74 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2022: 7.53 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2023: 6.9 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2024: 6.72 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person678910112000200920242000: 10.38 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2001: 10.47 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2002: 10.43 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2003: 10.57 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2004: 10.54 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2005: 10.44 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2006: 10.42 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2007: 10.26 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2008: 10.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2009: 9.3 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2010: 9.46 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2011: 9.21 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2012: 9.03 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2013: 8.82 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2014: 8.48 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2015: 8.57 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2016: 8.55 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2017: 8.59 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2018: 8.38 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2019: 8.01 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2020: 7.34 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2021: 7.74 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2022: 7.53 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2023: 6.9 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person2024: 6.72 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person
Greenhouse gas emissions per person, 2000 to 2024. tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person. Source: Invokely, Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3).

Sources: Invokely, Greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EEA via Eurostat env_air_gge) divided by population on 1 January (Eurostat demo_r_pjanaggr3); Eurostat, European Commission, Renewable energy share, overall (nrg_ind_ren); Eurostat, European Commission, Recycling rate of municipal waste (cei_wm011). Environment and emissions statistics and rankings

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

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