Countries by primary energy consumption
China had the highest primary energy consumption of 217 countries in 2023, at 162.683 quadrillion Btu. Tuvalu had the lowest, at 0 quadrillion Btu. The median was 0.178 quadrillion Btu. Source: the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Top 40 countries, 2023
Full ranking
| Rank | Countries | 2023 | Change on 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 162.683 | +6.1% |
| 2 | United States | 93.719 | -1.3% |
| 3 | India | 36.788 | +10.7% |
| 4 | Russia | 32.598 | -1.1% |
| 5 | Japan | 16.116 | -2% |
| 6 | Iran | 13.727 | +3.5% |
| 7 | Canada | 12.537 | +1.7% |
| 8 | South Korea | 12.084 | -0% |
| 9 | Saudi Arabia | 11.705 | +1% |
| 10 | Indonesia | 10.832 | +8.5% |
| 11 | Brazil | 10.32 | +1.3% |
| 12 | Germany | 10.068 | -10.3% |
| 13 | France | 8.387 | +0.3% |
| 14 | Mexico | 7.759 | +1.5% |
| 15 | United Kingdom | 6.442 | -4.6% |
| 16 | Türkiye | 6.154 | +1.1% |
| 17 | Australia | 5.98 | -1.1% |
| 18 | Italy | 5.703 | -4.3% |
| 19 | South Africa | 5.46 | +0.6% |
| 20 | Thailand | 5.308 | +3.2% |
| 21 | United Arab Emirates | 5.032 | +10.3% |
| 22 | Spain | 4.901 | -3% |
| 23 | Taiwan | 4.59 | -3.1% |
| 24 | Egypt | 4.249 | +3.5% |
| 25 | Vietnam | 4.054 | +7.5% |
| 26 | Malaysia | 4.013 | +4.8% |
| 27 | Poland | 3.78 | -6.6% |
| 28 | Singapore | 3.669 | +6.3% |
| 29 | Kazakhstan | 3.561 | +2.4% |
| 30 | Argentina | 3.501 | -2.2% |
| 31 | Netherlands | 3.269 | 0% |
| 32 | Pakistan | 3.088 | -4% |
| 33 | Iraq | 2.914 | +0.5% |
| 34 | Algeria | 2.836 | +2.5% |
| 35 | Qatar | 2.394 | +12.8% |
| 36 | Uzbekistan | 2.343 | +11.9% |
| 37 | Belgium | 2.262 | -6.2% |
| 38 | Ukraine | 2.238 | -4.5% |
| 39 | Bangladesh | 2.031 | +6% |
| 40 | Philippines | 2.028 | +9.5% |
| 41 | Kuwait | 1.858 | +4.2% |
| 42 | Turkmenistan | 1.82 | +1.4% |
| 43 | Nigeria | 1.706 | -5.2% |
| 44 | Venezuela | 1.596 | +0.4% |
| 45 | Colombia | 1.58 | +1.3% |
| 46 | Oman | 1.516 | +5.7% |
| 47 | Czechia | 1.498 | -8.2% |
| 48 | Sweden | 1.491 | -4.9% |
| 49 | Chile | 1.408 | +1.7% |
| 50 | Norway | 1.171 | +1.6% |
| 51 | Romania | 1.15 | -2% |
| 52 | Austria | 1.088 | -4.1% |
| 53 | Peru | 1.052 | +2.8% |
| 54 | Israel | 1.035 | -1.9% |
| 55 | Finland | 1.03 | +1% |
| 56 | Greece | 1.014 | +3.2% |
| 57 | Belarus | 0.985 | +6.1% |
| 58 | Hong Kong | 0.952 | +12.1% |
| 59 | Hungary | 0.929 | -6.5% |
| 60 | Morocco | 0.9 | -1.6% |
| 61 | Switzerland | 0.9 | +0.1% |
| 62 | Bahrain | 0.825 | +2.1% |
| 63 | Portugal | 0.805 | -3.8% |
| 64 | Libya | 0.762 | -1% |
| 65 | Azerbaijan | 0.75 | +3.7% |
| 66 | Ecuador | 0.677 | +4.5% |
| 67 | Slovakia | 0.669 | -2% |
| 68 | Bulgaria | 0.668 | -10.2% |
| 69 | New Zealand | 0.65 | +5.3% |
| 70 | North Korea | 0.631 | +1.7% |
| 71 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.624 | -2.9% |
| 72 | Ireland | 0.6 | -1% |
| 73 | Serbia | 0.6 | -1.3% |
| 74 | Denmark | 0.584 | -0.8% |
| 75 | Dominican Republic | 0.451 | -0.5% |
| 76 | Myanmar | 0.44 | -3.7% |
| 77 | Tunisia | 0.417 | -1.1% |
| 78 | Syria | 0.395 | +6.3% |
| 79 | Bolivia | 0.374 | +5.8% |
| 80 | Jordan | 0.368 | -5.8% |
| 81 | Ghana | 0.364 | +5.2% |
| 82 | Panama | 0.356 | +1.7% |
| 83 | Angola | 0.337 | +1.3% |
| 84 | Guatemala | 0.328 | +0.4% |
| 85 | Croatia | 0.317 | +4.7% |
| 86 | Kenya | 0.304 | +2% |
| 87 | Ethiopia | 0.301 | +8.1% |
| 88 | Puerto Rico | 0.301 | +20.6% |
| 89 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.29 | -6.2% |
| 90 | Cuba | 0.287 | -9.6% |
| 91 | Côte d’Ivoire | 0.286 | +7% |
| 92 | Tanzania | 0.266 | +3.3% |
| 93 | Sri Lanka | 0.266 | -0.5% |
| 94 | Laos | 0.265 | +20.4% |
| 95 | Cambodia | 0.257 | +19.2% |
| 96 | Mongolia | 0.248 | +37.5% |
| 97 | Lithuania | 0.241 | -0.3% |
| 98 | Lebanon | 0.24 | +5.8% |
| 99 | Georgia | 0.231 | -1.3% |
| 100 | Sudan | 0.23 | -26.4% |
| 101 | Slovenia | 0.228 | -5% |
| 102 | Gibraltar | 0.203 | -3.2% |
| 103 | Yemen | 0.199 | -7.6% |
| 104 | Honduras | 0.196 | +10.7% |
| 105 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.194 | +7.4% |
| 106 | Mozambique | 0.193 | +0.8% |
| 107 | Zimbabwe | 0.183 | -6.7% |
| 108 | Brunei | 0.179 | -2.4% |
| 109 | Uruguay | 0.178 | +3.8% |
| 110 | Zambia | 0.174 | +27.3% |
| 111 | Costa Rica | 0.173 | +8.2% |
| 112 | Tajikistan | 0.171 | +1.9% |
| 113 | Nepal | 0.17 | -7.8% |
| 114 | Senegal | 0.169 | +6.1% |
| 115 | El Salvador | 0.166 | +12.8% |
| 116 | Armenia | 0.165 | -2.3% |
| 117 | Paraguay | 0.155 | -13.2% |
| 118 | Luxembourg | 0.149 | -5% |
| 119 | Malta | 0.138 | +6.3% |
| 120 | Afghanistan | 0.137 | -10.7% |
| 121 | Jamaica | 0.125 | +10% |
| 122 | Latvia | 0.123 | -3.2% |
| 123 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.123 | -2.4% |
| 124 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.116 | +5.8% |
| 125 | Cameroon | 0.115 | -6.7% |
| 126 | Iceland | 0.113 | +0.3% |
| 127 | Moldova | 0.108 | -17.6% |
| 128 | Uganda | 0.106 | -0.7% |
| 129 | Benin | 0.105 | +21.1% |
| 130 | Cyprus | 0.102 | +3.6% |
| 131 | Papua New Guinea | 0.102 | -14.9% |
| 132 | North Macedonia | 0.101 | -3.7% |
| 133 | Estonia | 0.099 | +5% |
| 134 | Mali | 0.096 | -3.9% |
| 135 | Palestine | 0.091 | -1.3% |
| 136 | Nicaragua | 0.09 | +2.5% |
| 137 | Burkina Faso | 0.084 | +7.8% |
| 138 | Albania | 0.083 | -5.8% |
| 139 | Republic of the Congo | 0.08 | -0.2% |
| 140 | Botswana | 0.08 | -20.4% |
| 141 | Mauritius | 0.077 | +5% |
| 142 | Guinea | 0.073 | -0.7% |
| 143 | Mauritania | 0.065 | -5.6% |
| 144 | Namibia | 0.064 | +3.8% |
| 145 | New Caledonia | 0.063 | +1.4% |
| 146 | Gabon | 0.057 | -0.2% |
| 147 | Guyana | 0.056 | +15.3% |
| 148 | Madagascar | 0.055 | -2.5% |
| 149 | Bhutan | 0.054 | -0% |
| 150 | Niger | 0.05 | +9.4% |
| 151 | Bahamas | 0.047 | +11.9% |
| 152 | Macao | 0.045 | +6% |
| 153 | Togo | 0.045 | +11.5% |
| 154 | Montenegro | 0.04 | +2.8% |
| 155 | Fiji | 0.034 | +26.8% |
| 156 | Suriname | 0.033 | -14% |
| 157 | U.S. Virgin Islands | 0.033 | +4.7% |
| 158 | Malawi | 0.028 | -0.1% |
| 159 | Rwanda | 0.027 | +15.6% |
| 160 | Chad | 0.026 | -8.4% |
| 161 | Maldives | 0.026 | +1.9% |
| 162 | Haiti | 0.024 | -42.1% |
| 163 | Eswatini | 0.023 | +10% |
| 164 | Sierra Leone | 0.023 | +6.3% |
| 165 | Barbados | 0.023 | +12.7% |
| 166 | Somalia | 0.023 | +3.4% |
| 167 | Guam | 0.019 | -3.5% |
| 168 | French Polynesia | 0.019 | +3.4% |
| 169 | Aruba | 0.017 | -1.1% |
| 170 | Lesotho | 0.015 | -11.6% |
| 171 | Belize | 0.014 | +9.7% |
| 172 | Seychelles | 0.014 | +10.1% |
| 173 | Burundi | 0.013 | -5.3% |
| 174 | Faroe Islands | 0.012 | +2.8% |
| 175 | Cayman Islands | 0.012 | +12.9% |
| 176 | Djibouti | 0.012 | +1.5% |
| 177 | Liberia | 0.011 | +0.2% |
| 178 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.011 | +1% |
| 179 | Eritrea | 0.01 | +4.8% |
| 180 | Cape Verde | 0.01 | -1.7% |
| 181 | Greenland | 0.009 | +0.1% |
| 182 | Timor-Leste | 0.009 | -0.8% |
| 183 | Saint Lucia | 0.009 | +2.4% |
| 184 | Bermuda | 0.008 | +0.8% |
| 185 | Gambia | 0.008 | +6.3% |
| 186 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.006 | +0.5% |
| 187 | American Samoa | 0.006 | +1.8% |
| 188 | Central African Republic | 0.006 | +0.5% |
| 189 | Grenada | 0.006 | +11.3% |
| 190 | Comoros | 0.005 | -13.2% |
| 191 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.005 | -6.6% |
| 192 | Samoa | 0.005 | +5% |
| 193 | Vanuatu | 0.004 | +11.6% |
| 194 | Solomon Islands | 0.004 | +2.1% |
| 195 | Western Sahara | 0.004 | +3.6% |
| 196 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.004 | +1.3% |
| 197 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.004 | +5.4% |
| 198 | Tonga | 0.003 | +12.2% |
| 199 | British Virgin Islands | 0.003 | +1.5% |
| 200 | Dominica | 0.003 | +4.9% |
| 201 | Micronesia | 0.002 | +0.8% |
| 202 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.002 | +14.2% |
| 203 | Cook Islands | 0.002 | +14% |
| 204 | Falkland Islands | 0.001 | +153% |
| 205 | Nauru | 0.001 | +4% |
| 206 | Kiribati | 0.001 | +1.8% |
| 207 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0.001 | +19.8% |
| 208 | Montserrat | 0 | -12.3% |
| 209 | Antarctica | 0 | +10.6% |
| 210 | Saint Helena | 0 | +0.9% |
| 211 | Niue | 0 | -2.2% |
| 212 | French Guiana | 0 | |
| 212 | Guadeloupe | 0 | |
| 212 | Martinique | 0 | |
| 212 | Northern Mariana Islands | 0 | |
| 212 | Réunion | 0 | |
| 212 | Tuvalu | 0 |
Other periods
About this ranking
Total primary energy consumed in the country in the year (coal, natural gas, petroleum and other liquids, nuclear, and renewable and other sources), in quadrillion British thermal units, as estimated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in its International Energy Statistics.
Countries only. One quadrillion Btu is about 1.055 exajoules. EIA converts electricity from nuclear, hydro, wind and solar to primary energy with its own conventions, so totals can differ from IEA or Energy Institute figures. Some small economies show 0 in years EIA has no estimate.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. International Energy Statistics: total energy consumption, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-2-QBTU.A). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world. Retrieved 2026-10-11.Use this data in your AI agent
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Rank Countries by primary energy consumption using official data, and cite the source.
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Which country has the highest primary energy consumption?
China, with 162.683 quadrillion Btu in 2023, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Which country has the lowest primary energy consumption?
Tuvalu, with 0 quadrillion Btu in 2023.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics: total energy consumption, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-2-QBTU.A). Retrieved 2026-10-11.