Countries by primary energy consumption
China had the highest primary energy consumption of 217 countries in 2021, at 153.278 quadrillion Btu. Tuvalu had the lowest, at 0 quadrillion Btu. The median was 0.169 quadrillion Btu. Source: the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Top 40 countries, 2021
Full ranking
| Rank | Countries | 2021 | Change on 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 153.278 | +5.1% |
| 2 | United States | 93.364 | +5.1% |
| 3 | Russia | 33.238 | +10.5% |
| 4 | India | 30.948 | +2% |
| 5 | Japan | 16.958 | 0% |
| 6 | Iran | 12.986 | +4.3% |
| 7 | South Korea | 12.089 | +4.6% |
| 8 | Canada | 11.883 | +0.4% |
| 9 | Germany | 11.686 | +5% |
| 10 | Saudi Arabia | 11.01 | +2.3% |
| 11 | Brazil | 10.077 | +8.2% |
| 12 | France | 9.171 | +7.8% |
| 13 | Indonesia | 7.978 | +7.5% |
| 14 | Mexico | 7.285 | +2% |
| 15 | United Kingdom | 6.865 | +2.3% |
| 16 | Türkiye | 6.21 | +8.4% |
| 17 | Italy | 5.995 | +7.9% |
| 18 | Australia | 5.764 | +2.1% |
| 19 | South Africa | 5.303 | -5.9% |
| 20 | Thailand | 5.125 | -0.2% |
| 21 | Taiwan | 4.931 | +4% |
| 22 | Spain | 4.915 | +6.5% |
| 23 | United Arab Emirates | 4.309 | +3.5% |
| 24 | Poland | 4.128 | +3.4% |
| 25 | Egypt | 4.053 | +9.9% |
| 26 | Netherlands | 3.68 | +3% |
| 27 | Malaysia | 3.621 | +4.6% |
| 28 | Argentina | 3.521 | +10.3% |
| 29 | Vietnam | 3.508 | -2.1% |
| 30 | Singapore | 3.459 | +0.2% |
| 31 | Ukraine | 3.438 | +2.6% |
| 32 | Pakistan | 3.244 | +7.6% |
| 33 | Kazakhstan | 3.107 | -3.6% |
| 34 | Algeria | 2.652 | +7.3% |
| 35 | Iraq | 2.638 | +6.9% |
| 36 | Belgium | 2.618 | +11.3% |
| 37 | Qatar | 2.129 | +4.2% |
| 38 | Uzbekistan | 1.976 | +9.3% |
| 39 | Bangladesh | 1.865 | +11.5% |
| 40 | Philippines | 1.784 | +6.4% |
| 41 | Turkmenistan | 1.782 | -0.2% |
| 42 | Nigeria | 1.781 | +8.1% |
| 43 | Kuwait | 1.682 | +6.6% |
| 44 | Czechia | 1.663 | +5.5% |
| 45 | Sweden | 1.625 | +6.1% |
| 46 | Colombia | 1.543 | +17% |
| 47 | Venezuela | 1.442 | +7.5% |
| 48 | Chile | 1.404 | +9% |
| 49 | Oman | 1.316 | +8.3% |
| 50 | Romania | 1.278 | +5.7% |
| 51 | Austria | 1.203 | +5.3% |
| 52 | Norway | 1.189 | +1.1% |
| 53 | Hungary | 1.065 | +4.2% |
| 54 | Finland | 1.044 | +3.3% |
| 55 | Israel | 0.991 | +4.5% |
| 56 | Belarus | 0.98 | +7.5% |
| 57 | Greece | 0.954 | +4.9% |
| 58 | Peru | 0.949 | +19.7% |
| 59 | Hong Kong | 0.942 | -3.5% |
| 60 | Morocco | 0.904 | +13.8% |
| 61 | Switzerland | 0.89 | +0.4% |
| 62 | Bahrain | 0.816 | +4.5% |
| 63 | Portugal | 0.805 | +1.3% |
| 64 | Libya | 0.752 | +22% |
| 65 | Slovakia | 0.727 | +9.8% |
| 66 | Bulgaria | 0.725 | +9.4% |
| 67 | Azerbaijan | 0.68 | +11.5% |
| 68 | Trinidad and Tobago | 0.648 | +0.2% |
| 69 | Serbia | 0.636 | +4.6% |
| 70 | New Zealand | 0.634 | -3.1% |
| 71 | North Korea | 0.63 | -15.2% |
| 72 | Denmark | 0.609 | +7.6% |
| 73 | Ecuador | 0.586 | +21.1% |
| 74 | Ireland | 0.582 | +3.9% |
| 75 | Myanmar | 0.503 | -6.2% |
| 76 | Tunisia | 0.42 | +9.3% |
| 77 | Dominican Republic | 0.406 | +19.2% |
| 78 | Syria | 0.399 | +8.1% |
| 79 | Jordan | 0.359 | +5.7% |
| 80 | Guatemala | 0.353 | +15.8% |
| 81 | Ghana | 0.352 | +9.5% |
| 82 | Bolivia | 0.324 | +19.7% |
| 83 | Sri Lanka | 0.32 | +16.5% |
| 84 | Panama | 0.316 | +8.9% |
| 85 | Cuba | 0.315 | -1% |
| 86 | Croatia | 0.309 | +3.5% |
| 87 | Angola | 0.298 | +12.3% |
| 88 | Kenya | 0.297 | +6.5% |
| 89 | Lebanon | 0.282 | -17% |
| 90 | Sudan | 0.279 | +2% |
| 91 | Lithuania | 0.269 | +1.3% |
| 92 | Puerto Rico | 0.267 | +12.3% |
| 93 | Ethiopia | 0.265 | +13.1% |
| 94 | Slovenia | 0.248 | +1.9% |
| 95 | Laos | 0.238 | +4.6% |
| 96 | Côte d’Ivoire | 0.226 | +18.9% |
| 97 | Tanzania | 0.226 | +15.7% |
| 98 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 0.223 | +14.8% |
| 99 | Cambodia | 0.219 | +5.9% |
| 100 | Georgia | 0.211 | +8.9% |
| 101 | Mongolia | 0.208 | -2.7% |
| 102 | Yemen | 0.207 | -1.9% |
| 103 | Brunei | 0.19 | -5% |
| 104 | Gibraltar | 0.189 | -2.1% |
| 105 | Paraguay | 0.186 | +9.3% |
| 106 | Mozambique | 0.179 | +15.4% |
| 107 | Luxembourg | 0.174 | +6.5% |
| 108 | Uruguay | 0.171 | +10.4% |
| 109 | Honduras | 0.169 | +15.5% |
| 110 | Nepal | 0.164 | +5.6% |
| 111 | Afghanistan | 0.162 | +1.4% |
| 112 | Tajikistan | 0.159 | +0.4% |
| 113 | Armenia | 0.156 | +2.5% |
| 114 | Costa Rica | 0.155 | +11.3% |
| 115 | Senegal | 0.152 | +15.6% |
| 116 | Moldova | 0.15 | +9.9% |
| 117 | Kyrgyzstan | 0.148 | +3.5% |
| 118 | Latvia | 0.143 | +5.3% |
| 119 | Zambia | 0.141 | +7.3% |
| 120 | El Salvador | 0.134 | +16.7% |
| 121 | Zimbabwe | 0.126 | +11.2% |
| 122 | Cameroon | 0.122 | -5.2% |
| 123 | Malta | 0.121 | -4.5% |
| 124 | Equatorial Guinea | 0.119 | +15.3% |
| 125 | Jamaica | 0.109 | +10% |
| 126 | Mali | 0.106 | +17% |
| 127 | Estonia | 0.106 | -2.1% |
| 128 | North Macedonia | 0.106 | +3.9% |
| 129 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.105 | +12.3% |
| 130 | Iceland | 0.103 | +7.7% |
| 131 | Uganda | 0.103 | +10.4% |
| 132 | Papua New Guinea | 0.094 | -1.9% |
| 133 | Cyprus | 0.091 | +4.8% |
| 134 | Albania | 0.087 | +20.7% |
| 135 | Nicaragua | 0.086 | +10.2% |
| 136 | Benin | 0.084 | -22.3% |
| 137 | Botswana | 0.079 | +5.5% |
| 138 | Burkina Faso | 0.078 | +14.1% |
| 139 | Palestine | 0.077 | +7.1% |
| 140 | Republic of the Congo | 0.074 | +1.8% |
| 141 | Mauritius | 0.074 | -1.3% |
| 142 | Guinea | 0.072 | +0.9% |
| 143 | Namibia | 0.065 | +0.2% |
| 144 | Mauritania | 0.06 | -5.1% |
| 145 | New Caledonia | 0.058 | -11.2% |
| 146 | Madagascar | 0.053 | +32.1% |
| 147 | Gabon | 0.053 | -2.1% |
| 148 | Haiti | 0.051 | +5.8% |
| 149 | Bhutan | 0.05 | +61.2% |
| 150 | Bahamas | 0.045 | +27.1% |
| 151 | Macao | 0.042 | -4.6% |
| 152 | Guyana | 0.04 | +5.5% |
| 153 | Togo | 0.04 | +16.8% |
| 154 | Niger | 0.038 | -9.3% |
| 155 | Montenegro | 0.038 | +7.8% |
| 156 | Suriname | 0.037 | +15% |
| 157 | U.S. Virgin Islands | 0.033 | +5.4% |
| 158 | Chad | 0.028 | +11.4% |
| 159 | Malawi | 0.027 | -0.2% |
| 160 | Eswatini | 0.023 | -2.7% |
| 161 | Rwanda | 0.022 | +13.4% |
| 162 | Sierra Leone | 0.022 | +23.3% |
| 163 | Maldives | 0.022 | +27.4% |
| 164 | Fiji | 0.02 | -12.3% |
| 165 | Somalia | 0.02 | +2.4% |
| 166 | Barbados | 0.019 | -4.4% |
| 167 | Aruba | 0.016 | +5.7% |
| 168 | Guam | 0.014 | +5.3% |
| 169 | Lesotho | 0.014 | +10.1% |
| 170 | French Polynesia | 0.013 | +4.9% |
| 171 | Faroe Islands | 0.013 | +3.8% |
| 172 | Djibouti | 0.012 | +14.3% |
| 173 | Burundi | 0.012 | -1.9% |
| 174 | Belize | 0.012 | +1.6% |
| 175 | Seychelles | 0.012 | -5.2% |
| 176 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0.01 | +4% |
| 177 | Cape Verde | 0.01 | +11.1% |
| 178 | Cayman Islands | 0.01 | -3.6% |
| 179 | Liberia | 0.009 | -5.3% |
| 180 | Eritrea | 0.009 | +5.4% |
| 181 | Timor-Leste | 0.009 | -2.1% |
| 182 | Greenland | 0.009 | -1.7% |
| 183 | Saint Lucia | 0.008 | +3.9% |
| 184 | Bermuda | 0.008 | +17% |
| 185 | Gambia | 0.007 | +14.7% |
| 186 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0.006 | +2.4% |
| 187 | American Samoa | 0.006 | +1.6% |
| 188 | Central African Republic | 0.006 | +8.7% |
| 189 | Comoros | 0.005 | +50.3% |
| 190 | Guinea-Bissau | 0.005 | +8.2% |
| 191 | Grenada | 0.005 | +7.3% |
| 192 | Samoa | 0.004 | -0.3% |
| 193 | Solomon Islands | 0.004 | -1.1% |
| 194 | Vanuatu | 0.004 | +5.4% |
| 195 | Western Sahara | 0.004 | +5.5% |
| 196 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 0.004 | -0.6% |
| 197 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 0.004 | -1.6% |
| 198 | Tonga | 0.003 | +0.4% |
| 199 | British Virgin Islands | 0.003 | +2.1% |
| 200 | Dominica | 0.002 | +1.3% |
| 201 | Micronesia | 0.002 | -1.2% |
| 202 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.002 | +3.6% |
| 203 | Cook Islands | 0.001 | +5.4% |
| 204 | Nauru | 0.001 | +3.7% |
| 205 | Kiribati | 0.001 | 0% |
| 206 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 0.001 | -10.6% |
| 207 | Falkland Islands | 0.001 | -3% |
| 208 | Montserrat | 0 | +1.3% |
| 209 | Antarctica | 0 | +6.4% |
| 210 | Saint Helena | 0 | -15.6% |
| 211 | Niue | 0 | +2% |
| 212 | French Guiana | 0 | |
| 212 | Guadeloupe | 0 | |
| 212 | Martinique | 0 | |
| 212 | Northern Mariana Islands | 0 | |
| 212 | Réunion | 0 | |
| 212 | Tuvalu | 0 |
Other periods
About this ranking
Total primary energy consumed in the country in the year (coal, natural gas, petroleum and other liquids, nuclear, and renewable and other sources), in quadrillion British thermal units, as estimated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in its International Energy Statistics.
Countries only. One quadrillion Btu is about 1.055 exajoules. EIA converts electricity from nuclear, hydro, wind and solar to primary energy with its own conventions, so totals can differ from IEA or Energy Institute figures. Some small economies show 0 in years EIA has no estimate.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. International Energy Statistics: total energy consumption, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-2-QBTU.A). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world. Retrieved 2026-10-11.Use this data in your AI agent
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Rank Countries by primary energy consumption using official data, and cite the source.
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Which country has the highest primary energy consumption?
China, with 153.278 quadrillion Btu in 2021, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
Which country has the lowest primary energy consumption?
Tuvalu, with 0 quadrillion Btu in 2021.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics: total energy consumption, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-2-QBTU.A). Retrieved 2026-10-11.