Data / Rankings / Persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply / EU countries

EU countries by persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply

Germany had the highest persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 424,508. Malta had the lowest, at 1,836. The median was 22,346 and the figure for the European Union (27) was 1.43 million. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest424,508Germany
Lowest1,836Malta
Median22,34627 EU countries
European Union (27)1,425,651History

Map of EU countries, 2023

Austria: 38,259 personsBelgium: 22,346 personsBulgaria: 33,326 personsCyprus: 2,377 personsCzechia: 42,093 personsGermany: 424,508 personsDenmark: 17,806 personsEstonia: 5,640 personsSpain: 45,066 personsFinland: 14,908 personsFrance: 231,737 personsGreece: 30,959 personsCroatia: 15,121 personsHungary: 38,665 personsIreland: 13,345 personsItaly: 97,860 personsLithuania: 13,103 personsLuxembourg: 2,030 personsLatvia: 9,526 personsMalta: 1,836 personsNetherlands: 35,077 personsPoland: 147,984 personsPortugal: 16,608 personsRomania: 62,481 personsSweden: 36,436 personsSlovenia: 8,949 personsSlovakia: 17,605 persons
  • Under 10K
  • 10K to 17K
  • 17K to 34K
  • 34K to 44K
  • 44K and over
persons, 2023. Source: Eurostat, Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2023

Germany: 424,508 personsGermany424,508France: 231,737 personsFrance231,737Poland: 147,984 personsPoland147,984Italy: 97,860 personsItaly97,860Romania: 62,481 personsRomania62,481Spain: 45,066 personsSpain45,066Czechia: 42,093 personsCzechia42,093Hungary: 38,665 personsHungary38,665Austria: 38,259 personsAustria38,259Sweden: 36,436 personsSweden36,436Netherlands: 35,077 personsNetherlands35,077Bulgaria: 33,326 personsBulgaria33,326Greece: 30,959 personsGreece30,959Belgium: 22,346 personsBelgium22,346Denmark: 17,806 personsDenmark17,806Slovakia: 17,605 personsSlovakia17,605Portugal: 16,608 personsPortugal16,608Croatia: 15,121 personsCroatia15,121Finland: 14,908 personsFinland14,908Ireland: 13,345 personsIreland13,345Lithuania: 13,103 personsLithuania13,103Latvia: 9,526 personsLatvia9,526Slovenia: 8,949 personsSlovenia8,949Estonia: 5,640 personsEstonia5,640Cyprus: 2,377 personsCyprus2,377Luxembourg: 2,030 personsLuxembourg2,030Malta: 1,836 personsMalta1,836Germany: 424,508 personsGermany424,508France: 231,737 personsFrance231,737Poland: 147,984 personsPoland147,984Italy: 97,860 personsItaly97,860Romania: 62,481 personsRomania62,481Spain: 45,066 personsSpain45,066Czechia: 42,093 personsCzechia42,093Hungary: 38,665 personsHungary38,665Austria: 38,259 personsAustria38,259Sweden: 36,436 personsSweden36,436Netherlands: 35,077 personsNetherlands35,077Bulgaria: 33,326 personsBulgaria33,326Greece: 30,959 personsGreece30,959Belgium: 22,346 personsBelgium22,346Denmark: 17,806 personsDenmark17,806Slovakia: 17,605 personsSlovakia17,605Portugal: 16,608 personsPortugal16,608Croatia: 15,121 personsCroatia15,121Finland: 14,908 personsFinland14,908Ireland: 13,345 personsIreland13,345Lithuania: 13,103 personsLithuania13,103Latvia: 9,526 personsLatvia9,526Slovenia: 8,949 personsSlovenia8,949Estonia: 5,640 personsEstonia5,640Cyprus: 2,377 personsCyprus2,377Luxembourg: 2,030 personsLuxembourg2,030Malta: 1,836 personsMalta1,836
persons. Source: Eurostat, Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023
persons		Change on 2022
1Germany424,508+4.8%
2France231,737+1.4%
3Poland147,984+4.1%
4Italy97,860+1%
5Romania62,481-1.1%
6Spain45,066+0.6%
7Czechia42,093+2.2%
8Hungary38,665+0.7%
9Austria38,259+5.5%
10Sweden36,436+3.9%
11Netherlands35,077-0.2%
12Bulgaria33,326+1.2%
13Greece30,959+2%
14Belgium22,346+0.8%
15Denmark17,806+15.7%
16Slovakia17,605+0.1%
17Portugal16,608+2.8%
18Croatia15,121+2.1%
19Finland14,908+4.6%
20Ireland13,345+9.7%
21Lithuania13,103+4.3%
22Latvia9,526+1.1%
23Slovenia8,949+2.5%
24Estonia5,640+4.9%
25Cyprus2,377+6.2%
26Luxembourg2,030+6.2%
27Malta1,836+3.4%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of persons who work in enterprises of electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D): employees plus working proprietors, partners working regularly in the enterprise and unpaid family workers. A head count, not full-time equivalents. Eurostat structural business statistics.

Eurostat structural business statistics. From 2021 the series come from sbs_ovw_act under Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics; 2005 to 2020 come from the earlier table sbs_na_sca_r2. Values for 2021 are flagged as a break: value added moved from factor cost to basic prices and some activities changed coverage, so the change from 2020 to 2021 is not all real. Amounts are published in euros for every country, including those outside the euro area. Not the same as active_companies (INE business register, Spain) or employer_firms (US Census Bureau).

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act) (EU countries by persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table

MLA 9

Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act), EU countries by persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 30 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/persons-employed-energy-supply/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act). EU countries by persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/persons-employed-energy-supply/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act), EU countries by persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/persons-employed-energy-supply/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_persons_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs\_ovw\_act): EU countries by persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/persons-employed-energy-supply/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs\_ovw\_act). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs\_ovw\_act/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act): EU countries by persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/persons-employed-energy-supply/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/persons-employed-energy-supply/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sbs_ovw_act/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply?

Germany, with 424,508 in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest persons employed in electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply?

Malta, with 1,836 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Structural business statistics, Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply (NACE Rev. 2 section D), persons employed, number (sbs_ovw_act). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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