Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance of 51 states in 2023, at 290,961. Wyoming had the lowest, at 3,663. The median was 26,402 and the figure for the United States was 2.3 million. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest290,961California
Lowest3,663Wyoming
Median26,40251 states
United States2,303,883History

Map of states, 2023

Alabama: 26,402 countAlaska: 3,723 countArizona: 48,969 countArkansas: 21,123 countCalifornia: 290,961 countColorado: 44,979 countConnecticut: 31,683 countDelaware: 5,726 countDistrict of Columbia: 4,828 countFlorida: 261,052 countGeorgia: 81,302 countHawaii: 9,090 countIdaho: 11,069 countIllinois: 87,106 countIndiana: 32,027 countIowa: 18,018 countKansas: 16,333 countKentucky: 22,619 countLouisiana: 36,332 countMaine: 8,746 countMaryland: 57,261 countMassachusetts: 47,683 countMichigan: 65,599 countMinnesota: 31,404 countMississippi: 23,057 countMissouri: 31,025 countMontana: 6,380 countNebraska: 12,691 countNevada: 22,044 countNew Hampshire: 7,285 countNew Jersey: 65,206 countNew Mexico: 12,701 countNew York: 162,961 countNorth Carolina: 63,092 countNorth Dakota: 4,714 countOhio: 71,302 countOklahoma: 21,615 countOregon: 27,236 countPennsylvania: 69,490 countRhode Island: 7,223 countSouth Carolina: 29,640 countSouth Dakota: 5,070 countTennessee: 42,379 countTexas: 202,706 countUtah: 16,892 countVermont: 5,374 countVirginia: 51,685 countWashington: 41,675 countWest Virginia: 7,219 countWisconsin: 25,523 countWyoming: 3,663 count
  • Under 7,000
  • 7,000 to 17K
  • 17K to 26K
  • 26K to 42K
  • 42K to 65K
  • 65K and over
count, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

California: 290,961 countCalifornia290,961Florida: 261,052 countFlorida261,052Texas: 202,706 countTexas202,706New York: 162,961 countNew York162,961Illinois: 87,106 countIllinois87,106Georgia: 81,302 countGeorgia81,302Ohio: 71,302 countOhio71,302Pennsylvania: 69,490 countPennsylvania69,490Michigan: 65,599 countMichigan65,599New Jersey: 65,206 countNew Jersey65,206North Carolina: 63,092 countNorth Carolina63,092Maryland: 57,261 countMaryland57,261Virginia: 51,685 countVirginia51,685Arizona: 48,969 countArizona48,969Massachusetts: 47,683 countMassachusetts47,683Colorado: 44,979 countColorado44,979Tennessee: 42,379 countTennessee42,379Washington: 41,675 countWashington41,675Louisiana: 36,332 countLouisiana36,332Indiana: 32,027 countIndiana32,027Connecticut: 31,683 countConnecticut31,683Minnesota: 31,404 countMinnesota31,404Missouri: 31,025 countMissouri31,025South Carolina: 29,640 countSouth Carolina29,640Oregon: 27,236 countOregon27,236Alabama: 26,402 countAlabama26,402Wisconsin: 25,523 countWisconsin25,523Mississippi: 23,057 countMississippi23,057Kentucky: 22,619 countKentucky22,619Nevada: 22,044 countNevada22,044Oklahoma: 21,615 countOklahoma21,615Arkansas: 21,123 countArkansas21,123Iowa: 18,018 countIowa18,018Utah: 16,892 countUtah16,892Kansas: 16,333 countKansas16,333New Mexico: 12,701 countNew Mexico12,701Nebraska: 12,691 countNebraska12,691Idaho: 11,069 countIdaho11,069Hawaii: 9,090 countHawaii9,090Maine: 8,746 countMaine8,746New Hampshire: 7,285 countNew Hampshire7,285Rhode Island: 7,223 countRhode Island7,223West Virginia: 7,219 countWest Virginia7,219Montana: 6,380 countMontana6,380Delaware: 5,726 countDelaware5,726Vermont: 5,374 countVermont5,374South Dakota: 5,070 countSouth Dakota5,070District of Columbia: 4,828 countDistrict of Columbia4,828North Dakota: 4,714 countNorth Dakota4,714Alaska: 3,723 countAlaska3,723Wyoming: 3,663 countWyoming3,663California: 290,961 countCalifornia290,961Florida: 261,052 countFlorida261,052Texas: 202,706 countTexas202,706New York: 162,961 countNew York162,961Illinois: 87,106 countIllinois87,106Georgia: 81,302 countGeorgia81,302Ohio: 71,302 countOhio71,302Pennsylvania: 69,490 countPennsylvania69,490Michigan: 65,599 countMichigan65,599New Jersey: 65,206 countNew Jersey65,206North Carolina: 63,092 countNorth Carolina63,092Maryland: 57,261 countMaryland57,261Virginia: 51,685 countVirginia51,685Arizona: 48,969 countArizona48,969Massachusetts: 47,683 countMassachusetts47,683Colorado: 44,979 countColorado44,979Tennessee: 42,379 countTennessee42,379Washington: 41,675 countWashington41,675Louisiana: 36,332 countLouisiana36,332Indiana: 32,027 countIndiana32,027Connecticut: 31,683 countConnecticut31,683Minnesota: 31,404 countMinnesota31,404Missouri: 31,025 countMissouri31,025South Carolina: 29,640 countSouth Carolina29,640Oregon: 27,236 countOregon27,236Alabama: 26,402 countAlabama26,402Wisconsin: 25,523 countWisconsin25,523Mississippi: 23,057 countMississippi23,057Kentucky: 22,619 countKentucky22,619Nevada: 22,044 countNevada22,044Oklahoma: 21,615 countOklahoma21,615Arkansas: 21,123 countArkansas21,123Iowa: 18,018 countIowa18,018Utah: 16,892 countUtah16,892Kansas: 16,333 countKansas16,333New Mexico: 12,701 countNew Mexico12,701Nebraska: 12,691 countNebraska12,691Idaho: 11,069 countIdaho11,069Hawaii: 9,090 countHawaii9,090Maine: 8,746 countMaine8,746New Hampshire: 7,285 countNew Hampshire7,285Rhode Island: 7,223 countRhode Island7,223West Virginia: 7,219 countWest Virginia7,219Montana: 6,380 countMontana6,380Delaware: 5,726 countDelaware5,726Vermont: 5,374 countVermont5,374South Dakota: 5,070 countSouth Dakota5,070District of Columbia: 4,828 countDistrict of Columbia4,828North Dakota: 4,714 countNorth Dakota4,714Alaska: 3,723 countAlaska3,723Wyoming: 3,663 countWyoming3,663
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2023
count		Change on 2022
1California290,961+2.8%
2Florida261,052+4.8%
3Texas202,706+0.4%
4New York162,961+2.3%
5Illinois87,106+0.7%
6Georgia81,302-1.6%
7Ohio71,302+2.6%
8Pennsylvania69,490+3.2%
9Michigan65,599+0.8%
10New Jersey65,206+3.1%
11North Carolina63,092+0.5%
12Maryland57,261+0.8%
13Virginia51,685+1.5%
14Arizona48,969+3.6%
15Massachusetts47,683+4.4%
16Colorado44,979+6.2%
17Tennessee42,379-0.6%
18Washington41,675+4.6%
19Louisiana36,332-3.3%
20Indiana32,027-0.3%
21Connecticut31,683+12.5%
22Minnesota31,404+5.8%
23Missouri31,025-1.7%
24South Carolina29,640-0%
25Oregon27,236+4.2%
26Alabama26,402-0.8%
27Wisconsin25,523+4.1%
28Mississippi23,057-0.7%
29Kentucky22,619-0%
30Nevada22,044+2.7%
31Oklahoma21,615+2.1%
32Arkansas21,123+4.1%
33Iowa18,018-2.9%
34Utah16,892-4.2%
35Kansas16,333-0.3%
36New Mexico12,701+0.6%
37Nebraska12,691+6.1%
38Idaho11,069+2.7%
39Hawaii9,090+1.3%
40Maine8,746+2.7%
41New Hampshire7,285+1.8%
42Rhode Island7,223+5.8%
43West Virginia7,219+4%
44Montana6,380+5%
45Delaware5,726+1.2%
46Vermont5,374+0.8%
47South Dakota5,070+1.3%
48District of Columbia4,828-2.1%
49North Dakota4,714+0.3%
50Alaska3,723+3.2%
51Wyoming3,663+0.7%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-health-care/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-health-care/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-health-care/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-health-care/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-health-care/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-health-care/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance?

California, with 290,961 in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: health care and social assistance?

Wyoming, with 3,663 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), health care and social assistance (NAICS 62), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings