Data / Rankings / Nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance / US states

US states by nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance

California had the highest nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance of 51 states in 2023, at 92,472. Vermont had the lowest, at 919. The median was 10,151 and the figure for the United States was 805,567. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest92,472California
Lowest919Vermont
Median10,15151 states
United States805,567History

Map of states, 2023

Alabama: 8,904 countAlaska: 1,320 countArizona: 16,215 countArkansas: 6,396 countCalifornia: 92,472 countColorado: 17,511 countConnecticut: 11,947 countDelaware: 4,541 countDistrict of Columbia: 1,283 countFlorida: 91,029 countGeorgia: 25,330 countHawaii: 3,085 countIdaho: 4,279 countIllinois: 29,254 countIndiana: 12,110 countIowa: 7,178 countKansas: 7,264 countKentucky: 7,382 countLouisiana: 10,151 countMaine: 1,897 countMaryland: 12,361 countMassachusetts: 15,816 countMichigan: 18,449 countMinnesota: 12,523 countMississippi: 6,660 countMissouri: 13,786 countMontana: 2,286 countNebraska: 5,506 countNevada: 9,436 countNew Hampshire: 2,579 countNew Jersey: 24,230 countNew Mexico: 3,058 countNew York: 57,690 countNorth Carolina: 21,318 countNorth Dakota: 2,222 countOhio: 22,239 countOklahoma: 9,553 countOregon: 5,970 countPennsylvania: 25,617 countRhode Island: 2,075 countSouth Carolina: 11,209 countSouth Dakota: 3,066 countTennessee: 15,350 countTexas: 88,577 countUtah: 10,501 countVermont: 919 countVirginia: 15,292 countWashington: 12,106 countWest Virginia: 2,040 countWisconsin: 11,021 countWyoming: 2,564 count
  • Under 2,600
  • 2,600 to 6,300
  • 6,300 to 10K
  • 10K to 13K
  • 13K to 22K
  • 22K and over
count, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

California: 92,472 countCalifornia92,472Florida: 91,029 countFlorida91,029Texas: 88,577 countTexas88,577New York: 57,690 countNew York57,690Illinois: 29,254 countIllinois29,254Pennsylvania: 25,617 countPennsylvania25,617Georgia: 25,330 countGeorgia25,330New Jersey: 24,230 countNew Jersey24,230Ohio: 22,239 countOhio22,239North Carolina: 21,318 countNorth Carolina21,318Michigan: 18,449 countMichigan18,449Colorado: 17,511 countColorado17,511Arizona: 16,215 countArizona16,215Massachusetts: 15,816 countMassachusetts15,816Tennessee: 15,350 countTennessee15,350Virginia: 15,292 countVirginia15,292Missouri: 13,786 countMissouri13,786Minnesota: 12,523 countMinnesota12,523Maryland: 12,361 countMaryland12,361Indiana: 12,110 countIndiana12,110Washington: 12,106 countWashington12,106Connecticut: 11,947 countConnecticut11,947South Carolina: 11,209 countSouth Carolina11,209Wisconsin: 11,021 countWisconsin11,021Utah: 10,501 countUtah10,501Louisiana: 10,151 countLouisiana10,151Oklahoma: 9,553 countOklahoma9,553Nevada: 9,436 countNevada9,436Alabama: 8,904 countAlabama8,904Kentucky: 7,382 countKentucky7,382Kansas: 7,264 countKansas7,264Iowa: 7,178 countIowa7,178Mississippi: 6,660 countMississippi6,660Arkansas: 6,396 countArkansas6,396Oregon: 5,970 countOregon5,970Nebraska: 5,506 countNebraska5,506Delaware: 4,541 countDelaware4,541Idaho: 4,279 countIdaho4,279Hawaii: 3,085 countHawaii3,085South Dakota: 3,066 countSouth Dakota3,066New Mexico: 3,058 countNew Mexico3,058New Hampshire: 2,579 countNew Hampshire2,579Wyoming: 2,564 countWyoming2,564Montana: 2,286 countMontana2,286North Dakota: 2,222 countNorth Dakota2,222Rhode Island: 2,075 countRhode Island2,075West Virginia: 2,040 countWest Virginia2,040Maine: 1,897 countMaine1,897Alaska: 1,320 countAlaska1,320District of Columbia: 1,283 countDistrict of Columbia1,283Vermont: 919 countVermont919California: 92,472 countCalifornia92,472Florida: 91,029 countFlorida91,029Texas: 88,577 countTexas88,577New York: 57,690 countNew York57,690Illinois: 29,254 countIllinois29,254Pennsylvania: 25,617 countPennsylvania25,617Georgia: 25,330 countGeorgia25,330New Jersey: 24,230 countNew Jersey24,230Ohio: 22,239 countOhio22,239North Carolina: 21,318 countNorth Carolina21,318Michigan: 18,449 countMichigan18,449Colorado: 17,511 countColorado17,511Arizona: 16,215 countArizona16,215Massachusetts: 15,816 countMassachusetts15,816Tennessee: 15,350 countTennessee15,350Virginia: 15,292 countVirginia15,292Missouri: 13,786 countMissouri13,786Minnesota: 12,523 countMinnesota12,523Maryland: 12,361 countMaryland12,361Indiana: 12,110 countIndiana12,110Washington: 12,106 countWashington12,106Connecticut: 11,947 countConnecticut11,947South Carolina: 11,209 countSouth Carolina11,209Wisconsin: 11,021 countWisconsin11,021Utah: 10,501 countUtah10,501Louisiana: 10,151 countLouisiana10,151Oklahoma: 9,553 countOklahoma9,553Nevada: 9,436 countNevada9,436Alabama: 8,904 countAlabama8,904Kentucky: 7,382 countKentucky7,382Kansas: 7,264 countKansas7,264Iowa: 7,178 countIowa7,178Mississippi: 6,660 countMississippi6,660Arkansas: 6,396 countArkansas6,396Oregon: 5,970 countOregon5,970Nebraska: 5,506 countNebraska5,506Delaware: 4,541 countDelaware4,541Idaho: 4,279 countIdaho4,279Hawaii: 3,085 countHawaii3,085South Dakota: 3,066 countSouth Dakota3,066New Mexico: 3,058 countNew Mexico3,058New Hampshire: 2,579 countNew Hampshire2,579Wyoming: 2,564 countWyoming2,564Montana: 2,286 countMontana2,286North Dakota: 2,222 countNorth Dakota2,222Rhode Island: 2,075 countRhode Island2,075West Virginia: 2,040 countWest Virginia2,040Maine: 1,897 countMaine1,897Alaska: 1,320 countAlaska1,320District of Columbia: 1,283 countDistrict of Columbia1,283Vermont: 919 countVermont919
count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2023
count		Change on 2022
1California92,472+2.5%
2Florida91,029+5.4%
3Texas88,577+4.3%
4New York57,690+7.2%
5Illinois29,254+3.4%
6Pennsylvania25,617+0.6%
7Georgia25,330-0.7%
8New Jersey24,230+1.1%
9Ohio22,239+2.4%
10North Carolina21,318-2%
11Michigan18,449+2.3%
12Colorado17,511+5.9%
13Arizona16,215+4.3%
14Massachusetts15,816+5.4%
15Tennessee15,350+1.4%
16Virginia15,292+1%
17Missouri13,786+0.8%
18Minnesota12,523+2.5%
19Maryland12,361+2.9%
20Indiana12,110+2.4%
21Washington12,106+1.8%
22Connecticut11,947+6.4%
23South Carolina11,209-1.7%
24Wisconsin11,021+1%
25Utah10,501+5.9%
26Louisiana10,151-4.8%
27Oklahoma9,553+0.4%
28Nevada9,436+3.6%
29Alabama8,904+0.2%
30Kentucky7,382+2.7%
31Kansas7,264+0.7%
32Iowa7,178+0.1%
33Mississippi6,660+0.6%
34Arkansas6,396+3.2%
35Oregon5,970-0.1%
36Nebraska5,506+1.6%
37Delaware4,541+18.8%
38Idaho4,279+4.2%
39Hawaii3,085-0.2%
40South Dakota3,066+1.2%
41New Mexico3,058+1.1%
42New Hampshire2,579-0.1%
43Wyoming2,564+7.1%
44Montana2,286+1.7%
45North Dakota2,222-0.4%
46Rhode Island2,075+1.9%
47West Virginia2,040-15.3%
48Maine1,897+1.2%
49Alaska1,320+8.2%
50District of Columbia1,283+12%
51Vermont919-2.3%

Other periods

About this ranking

Number of businesses without paid employees in finance and insurance (NAICS 52), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-finance-insurance/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-finance-insurance/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-finance-insurance/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-finance-insurance/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-finance-insurance/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-finance-insurance/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance?

California, with 92,472 in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: finance and insurance?

Vermont, with 919 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), finance and insurance (NAICS 52), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings