Data / Rankings / Net migration rate including statistical adjustment / EU countries

EU countries by net migration rate including statistical adjustment

Malta had the highest net migration rate including statistical adjustment of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 37.9 per 1,000 inhabitants. Latvia had the lowest, at -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants. The median was 7.2 per 1,000 inhabitants and the figure for the European Union (27) was 6.4 per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest37.9Malta
Lowest-1.7Latvia
Median7.227 EU countries
European Union (27)6.4History

Map of EU countries, 2023

Austria: 7.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsBelgium: 6.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBulgaria: 6.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCyprus: 14.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCzechia: 8.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsGermany: 8.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsDenmark: 5 per 1,000 inhabitantsEstonia: 10.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsSpain: 13.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsFinland: 10.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsFrance: 2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsGreece: 2.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsCroatia: 7.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsHungary: 2.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsIreland: 11.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsItaly: 4.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsLithuania: 15.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLuxembourg: 14 per 1,000 inhabitantsLatvia: -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsMalta: 37.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsNetherlands: 7.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsPoland: 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsPortugal: 27.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsRomania: 5.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsSweden: 2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovenia: 5.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovakia: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitants
  • Under 0
  • 0 to 5.2
  • 5.2 to 9.6
  • 9.6 and over
per 1,000 inhabitants, 2023. Red areas are below zero and blue areas above it. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, 2023

Malta: 37.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsMalta37.9Portugal: 27.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsPortugal27.8Lithuania: 15.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLithuania15.7Cyprus: 14.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCyprus14.4Luxembourg: 14 per 1,000 inhabitantsLuxembourg14Spain: 13.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsSpain13.4Ireland: 11.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsIreland11.4Finland: 10.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsFinland10.4Estonia: 10.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsEstonia10.1Czechia: 8.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCzechia8.7Germany: 8.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsGermany8.1Croatia: 7.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsCroatia7.8Netherlands: 7.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsNetherlands7.6Austria: 7.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsAustria7.2Belgium: 6.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBelgium6.4Bulgaria: 6.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBulgaria6.4Slovenia: 5.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovenia5.4Romania: 5.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsRomania5.1Denmark: 5 per 1,000 inhabitantsDenmark5Italy: 4.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsItaly4.5Greece: 2.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsGreece2.9France: 2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsFrance2.8Hungary: 2.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsHungary2.7Sweden: 2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsSweden2.3Slovakia: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovakia0.3Poland: 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsPoland0.1Latvia: -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLatvia-1.7Malta: 37.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsMalta37.9Portugal: 27.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsPortugal27.8Lithuania: 15.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLithuania15.7Cyprus: 14.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsCyprus14.4Luxembourg: 14 per 1,000 inhabitantsLuxembourg14Spain: 13.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsSpain13.4Ireland: 11.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsIreland11.4Finland: 10.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsFinland10.4Estonia: 10.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsEstonia10.1Czechia: 8.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsCzechia8.7Germany: 8.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsGermany8.1Croatia: 7.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsCroatia7.8Netherlands: 7.6 per 1,000 inhabitantsNetherlands7.6Austria: 7.2 per 1,000 inhabitantsAustria7.2Belgium: 6.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBelgium6.4Bulgaria: 6.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsBulgaria6.4Slovenia: 5.4 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovenia5.4Romania: 5.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsRomania5.1Denmark: 5 per 1,000 inhabitantsDenmark5Italy: 4.5 per 1,000 inhabitantsItaly4.5Greece: 2.9 per 1,000 inhabitantsGreece2.9France: 2.8 per 1,000 inhabitantsFrance2.8Hungary: 2.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsHungary2.7Sweden: 2.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsSweden2.3Slovakia: 0.3 per 1,000 inhabitantsSlovakia0.3Poland: 0.1 per 1,000 inhabitantsPoland0.1Latvia: -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitantsLatvia-1.7
per 1,000 inhabitants. Source: Eurostat, Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countries2023
per 1,000 inhabitants		Change on 2022
1Malta37.9-3.1 pts
2Portugal27.8-6.7 pts
3Lithuania15.7-9.8 pts
4Cyprus14.4-3.1 pts
5Luxembourg14-6.5 pts
6Spain13.4-1.9 pts
7Ireland11.4-7.3 pts
8Finland10.4+4.3 pts
9Estonia10.1-19.4 pts
10Czechia8.7-22.2 pts
11Germany Series break8.1+5.6 pts
12Croatia7.8+4.8 pts
13Netherlands7.6-5 pts
14Austria7.2-7.9 pts
15Belgium6.4-4.5 pts
15Bulgaria6.4+2.2 pts
17Slovenia5.4-1.5 pts
18Romania Estimated5.1-0.3 pts
19Denmark5-5.2 pts
20Italy4.5-0.4 pts
21Greece2.9+2.5 pts
22France Provisional2.8-1.5 pts
23Hungary2.7-9.2 pts
24Sweden2.3-3.3 pts
25Slovakia0.3+0.1 pts
26Poland0.1-0.1 pts
27Latvia Series break-1.7-18.2 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Net migration including statistical adjustment during the year per 1,000 average residents (Eurostat crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment).

Comparable across EU countries and regions. Eurostat derives the net figure as a residual of population change, so it includes census revisions and other statistical adjustments.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind) (EU countries by net migration rate including statistical adjustment, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table

MLA 9

Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind), EU countries by net migration rate including statistical adjustment, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 30 Sept. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/net-migration-rate/eu-countries?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind). EU countries by net migration rate including statistical adjustment, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/net-migration-rate/eu-countries?period=2023.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind), EU countries by net migration rate including statistical adjustment, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/net-migration-rate/eu-countries?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_net_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo\_gind): EU countries by net migration rate including statistical adjustment, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/net-migration-rate/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo\_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo\_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind): EU countries by net migration rate including statistical adjustment, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/net-migration-rate/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/net-migration-rate/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/demo_gind/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest net migration rate including statistical adjustment?

Malta, with 37.9 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which EU country has the lowest net migration rate including statistical adjustment?

Latvia, with -1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Population change, crude rate of net migration plus statistical adjustment (demo_gind). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Net migration rate including statistical adjustment: other rankings

EU countries: more rankings