Data / Rankings / Composite cost of borrowing for house purchase / EU countries

EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase

Latvia had the highest composite cost of borrowing for house purchase of 21 EU countries in January 2026, at 3.89%. Malta had the lowest, at 1.99%. The median was 3.39%. Source: the European Central Bank.

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Highest3.89Latvia
Lowest1.99Malta
Median3.3921 EU countries

Map of EU countries, January 2026

Austria: 3.43 %Belgium: 3.45 %Bulgaria: 2.46 %Cyprus: 3.24 %Germany: 3.76 %Estonia: 3.81 %Spain: 2.68 %Finland: 2.78 %France: 3.05 %Greece: 3.49 %Croatia: 3.03 %Ireland: 3.51 %Italy: 3.5 %Lithuania: 3.67 %Luxembourg: 3.39 %Latvia: 3.89 %Malta: 1.99 %Netherlands: 3.5 %Portugal: 2.84 %Slovenia: 2.88 %Slovakia: 3.39 %
  • Under 2.8
  • 2.8 to 3.2
  • 3.2 to 3.5
  • 3.5 and over
  • No data
%, January 2026. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: ECB, ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, January 2026

Latvia: 3.89 %Latvia3.89Estonia: 3.81 %Estonia3.81Germany: 3.76 %Germany3.76Lithuania: 3.67 %Lithuania3.67Ireland: 3.51 %Ireland3.51Italy: 3.5 %Italy3.5Netherlands: 3.5 %Netherlands3.5Greece: 3.49 %Greece3.49Belgium: 3.45 %Belgium3.45Austria: 3.43 %Austria3.43Luxembourg: 3.39 %Luxembourg3.39Slovakia: 3.39 %Slovakia3.39Cyprus: 3.24 %Cyprus3.24France: 3.05 %France3.05Croatia: 3.03 %Croatia3.03Slovenia: 2.88 %Slovenia2.88Portugal: 2.84 %Portugal2.84Finland: 2.78 %Finland2.78Spain: 2.68 %Spain2.68Bulgaria: 2.46 %Bulgaria2.46Malta: 1.99 %Malta1.99Latvia: 3.89 %Latvia3.89Estonia: 3.81 %Estonia3.81Germany: 3.76 %Germany3.76Lithuania: 3.67 %Lithuania3.67Ireland: 3.51 %Ireland3.51Italy: 3.5 %Italy3.5Netherlands: 3.5 %Netherlands3.5Greece: 3.49 %Greece3.49Belgium: 3.45 %Belgium3.45Austria: 3.43 %Austria3.43Luxembourg: 3.39 %Luxembourg3.39Slovakia: 3.39 %Slovakia3.39Cyprus: 3.24 %Cyprus3.24France: 3.05 %France3.05Croatia: 3.03 %Croatia3.03Slovenia: 2.88 %Slovenia2.88Portugal: 2.84 %Portugal2.84Finland: 2.78 %Finland2.78Spain: 2.68 %Spain2.68Bulgaria: 2.46 %Bulgaria2.46Malta: 1.99 %Malta1.99
%. Source: ECB, ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countriesJanuary 2026 (%)Change on January 2025
1Latvia3.89-0.78 pts
2Estonia3.81-0.73 pts
3Germany3.76+0.22 pts
4Lithuania3.67-0.71 pts
5Ireland3.51-0.18 pts
6Italy3.5+0.35 pts
6Netherlands3.5+0.52 pts
8Greece3.49-0.3 pts
9Belgium3.45+0.4 pts
10Austria3.43-0.1 pts
11Luxembourg3.39-0.18 pts
11Slovakia3.39-0.48 pts
13Cyprus3.24-0.84 pts
14France3.05-0.06 pts
15Croatia3.03-0.56 pts
16Slovenia2.88-0.25 pts
17Portugal2.84-0.46 pts
18Finland2.78-0.45 pts
19Spain2.68-0.22 pts
20Bulgaria2.46n/a
21Malta1.99+0.07 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Monthly composite interest rate on new bank loans to households and non-profit institutions serving households for house purchase, in percent per year. Rates across initial rate fixation periods are combined using 24-month moving averages of new loan volumes.

Annualised agreed rates or narrowly defined effective rates (AAR/NDER) measure interest and exclude fees and other charges. This ECB composite uses moving-average weights, while mortgage_interest_rate from Banco de España uses the volumes of the current month. The euro area aggregate has changing membership. Country histories start at different dates; values may be revised.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

European Central Bank. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

European Central Bank. (n.d.). ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N) (EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2026-01) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01

MLA 9

ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N), EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2026-01. European Central Bank, https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2026-01. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

European Central Bank. n.d. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2026-01. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2026-01.

Harvard

European Central Bank (no date) ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N), EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2026-01 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2026-01 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{european_eu_countries_by_composite_2026,
  author = {{European Central Bank}},
  title = {{ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N): EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2026-01}},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2026-01. Publisher attribution: European Central Bank. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata\&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - European Central Bank
TI  - ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N): EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2026-01
PB  - European Central Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2026-01
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2026-01.
N1  - Publisher attribution: European Central Bank. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest composite cost of borrowing for house purchase?

Latvia, with 3.89% in January 2026, according to the European Central Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest composite cost of borrowing for house purchase?

Malta, with 1.99% in January 2026.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: European Central Bank, ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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