Data / Rankings / Composite cost of borrowing for house purchase / EU countries

EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase

Latvia had the highest composite cost of borrowing for house purchase of 20 EU countries in October 2025, at 3.88%. Malta had the lowest, at 2.08%. The median was 3.37%. Source: the European Central Bank.

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Highest3.88Latvia
Lowest2.08Malta
Median3.3720 EU countries

Map of EU countries, October 2025

Austria: 3.38 %Belgium: 3.36 %Cyprus: 3.26 %Germany: 3.71 %Estonia: 3.82 %Spain: 2.68 %Finland: 2.78 %France: 2.99 %Greece: 3.52 %Croatia: 3.03 %Ireland: 3.57 %Italy: 3.32 %Lithuania: 3.64 %Luxembourg: 3.44 %Latvia: 3.88 %Malta: 2.08 %Netherlands: 3.49 %Portugal: 2.85 %Slovenia: 2.81 %Slovakia: 3.47 %
  • Under 2.8
  • 2.8 to 3.3
  • 3.3 to 3.5
  • 3.5 to 3.6
  • 3.6 and over
  • No data
%, October 2025. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: ECB, ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All EU countries, October 2025

Latvia: 3.88 %Latvia3.88Estonia: 3.82 %Estonia3.82Germany: 3.71 %Germany3.71Lithuania: 3.64 %Lithuania3.64Ireland: 3.57 %Ireland3.57Greece: 3.52 %Greece3.52Netherlands: 3.49 %Netherlands3.49Slovakia: 3.47 %Slovakia3.47Luxembourg: 3.44 %Luxembourg3.44Austria: 3.38 %Austria3.38Belgium: 3.36 %Belgium3.36Italy: 3.32 %Italy3.32Cyprus: 3.26 %Cyprus3.26Croatia: 3.03 %Croatia3.03France: 2.99 %France2.99Portugal: 2.85 %Portugal2.85Slovenia: 2.81 %Slovenia2.81Finland: 2.78 %Finland2.78Spain: 2.68 %Spain2.68Malta: 2.08 %Malta2.08Latvia: 3.88 %Latvia3.88Estonia: 3.82 %Estonia3.82Germany: 3.71 %Germany3.71Lithuania: 3.64 %Lithuania3.64Ireland: 3.57 %Ireland3.57Greece: 3.52 %Greece3.52Netherlands: 3.49 %Netherlands3.49Slovakia: 3.47 %Slovakia3.47Luxembourg: 3.44 %Luxembourg3.44Austria: 3.38 %Austria3.38Belgium: 3.36 %Belgium3.36Italy: 3.32 %Italy3.32Cyprus: 3.26 %Cyprus3.26Croatia: 3.03 %Croatia3.03France: 2.99 %France2.99Portugal: 2.85 %Portugal2.85Slovenia: 2.81 %Slovenia2.81Finland: 2.78 %Finland2.78Spain: 2.68 %Spain2.68Malta: 2.08 %Malta2.08
%. Source: ECB, ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankEU countriesOctober 2025 (%)Change on October 2024
1Latvia3.88-1.08 pts
2Estonia3.82-1.18 pts
3Germany3.71+0.02 pts
4Lithuania3.64-1.13 pts
5Ireland3.57-0.24 pts
6Greece3.52-0.27 pts
7Netherlands3.49-0.28 pts
8Slovakia3.47-0.62 pts
9Luxembourg3.44-0.38 pts
10Austria3.38-0.46 pts
11Belgium3.36+0.08 pts
12Italy3.32-0.26 pts
13Cyprus3.26-1.16 pts
14Croatia3.03-0.68 pts
15France2.99-0.28 pts
16Portugal2.85-0.77 pts
17Slovenia2.81-0.56 pts
18Finland2.78-0.67 pts
19Spain2.68-0.56 pts
20Malta2.08+0.11 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Monthly composite interest rate on new bank loans to households and non-profit institutions serving households for house purchase, in percent per year. Rates across initial rate fixation periods are combined using 24-month moving averages of new loan volumes.

Annualised agreed rates or narrowly defined effective rates (AAR/NDER) measure interest and exclude fees and other charges. This ECB composite uses moving-average weights, while mortgage_interest_rate from Banco de España uses the volumes of the current month. The euro area aggregate has changing membership. Country histories start at different dates; values may be revised.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. 1 EU countries with data in other periods have no value for October 2025 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

European Central Bank. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

European Central Bank. (n.d.). ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N) (EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2025-10) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01

MLA 9

ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N), EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2025-10. European Central Bank, https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2025-10. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

European Central Bank. n.d. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2025-10. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2025-10.

Harvard

European Central Bank (no date) ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N), EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2025-10 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2025-10 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{european_eu_countries_by_composite_2026,
  author = {{European Central Bank}},
  title = {{ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N): EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2025-10}},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2025-10. Publisher attribution: European Central Bank. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata\&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - European Central Bank
TI  - ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N): EU countries by composite cost of borrowing for house purchase, 2025-10
PB  - European Central Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2025-10
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/housing-borrowing-cost/eu-countries?period=2025-10.
N1  - Publisher attribution: European Central Bank. ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). https://data-api.ecb.europa.eu/service/data/MIR/M.AT+BE+BG+CY+DE+EE+ES+FI+FR+GR+HR+IE+IT+LT+LU+LV+MT+NL+PT+SI+SK+U2.B.A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N?format=csvdata&startPeriod=2003-01. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest composite cost of borrowing for house purchase?

Latvia, with 3.88% in October 2025, according to the European Central Bank.

Which EU country has the lowest composite cost of borrowing for house purchase?

Malta, with 2.08% in October 2025.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: European Central Bank, ECB MIR composite cost of borrowing for households for house purchase, new business (A2C.AM.R.A.2250.EUR.N). Retrieved 2026-10-12. 1 EU countries have no value for October 2025 and are not ranked.

EU countries: more rankings