Data / Rankings / Gross capital formation, share of GDP / Countries

Countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP

Bhutan had the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP of 174 countries in 2021, at 44.4% of GDP. Djibouti had the lowest, at -15.7% of GDP. The median was 23.1% of GDP and the figure for the World was 27.2% of GDP. Source: the World Bank.

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Highest44.4Bhutan
Lowest-15.7Djibouti
Median23.1174 countries
World27.2History

Map of countries, 2021

United Arab Emirates: 25.4 % of GDPAfghanistan: 13 % of GDPAlbania: 28.7 % of GDPArmenia: 23 % of GDPAngola: 16.2 % of GDPArgentina: 18.1 % of GDPAustria: 27.7 % of GDPAustralia: 22.9 % of GDPAzerbaijan: 17.1 % of GDPBosnia and Herzegovina: 26.3 % of GDPBangladesh: 31 % of GDPBelgium: 24.4 % of GDPBurkina Faso: 15.5 % of GDPBulgaria: 20.7 % of GDPBenin: 28.9 % of GDPBrunei: 31.3 % of GDPBolivia: 17.8 % of GDPBrazil: 19.5 % of GDPBahamas: 24.4 % of GDPBhutan: 44.4 % of GDPBotswana: 27.4 % of GDPBelarus: 24.4 % of GDPBelize: 21.7 % of GDPCanada: 24.3 % of GDPDemocratic Republic of the Congo: 32.6 % of GDPCentral African Republic: 25.4 % of GDPRepublic of the Congo: 22 % of GDPSwitzerland: 28.2 % of GDPCôte d’Ivoire: 23.6 % of GDPChile: 24.1 % of GDPCameroon: 18.1 % of GDPChina: 42.7 % of GDPColombia: 18.9 % of GDPCosta Rica: 17.8 % of GDPCuba: 23.8 % of GDPCape Verde: 27.7 % of GDPCyprus: 19.6 % of GDPCzechia: 28.1 % of GDPGermany: 22.7 % of GDPDjibouti: -15.7 % of GDPDenmark: 24 % of GDPDominican Republic: 30.3 % of GDPAlgeria: 39.1 % of GDPEcuador: 20.7 % of GDPEstonia: 30.9 % of GDPEgypt: 18.2 % of GDPSpain: 21.9 % of GDPEthiopia: 28 % of GDPFinland: 24.8 % of GDPFiji: 20.2 % of GDPFaroe Islands: 28.9 % of GDPFrance: 23.4 % of GDPGabon: 17.5 % of GDPUnited Kingdom: 18.9 % of GDPGeorgia: 20.7 % of GDPGhana: 17 % of GDPGreenland: 37.1 % of GDPGambia: 30.4 % of GDPGuinea: 16.1 % of GDPEquatorial Guinea: 8.2 % of GDPGreece: 17.5 % of GDPGuatemala: 16.8 % of GDPGuinea-Bissau: 21.4 % of GDPHong Kong: 16.8 % of GDPHonduras: 24.2 % of GDPCroatia: 21.8 % of GDPHaiti: 18.1 % of GDPHungary: 30.9 % of GDPIndonesia: 31.4 % of GDPIreland: 23 % of GDPIsrael: 26.1 % of GDPIndia: 32.1 % of GDPIraq: 21.4 % of GDPIran: 41.5 % of GDPIceland: 22.8 % of GDPItaly: 22 % of GDPJapan: 27.3 % of GDPKenya: 20.4 % of GDPKyrgyzstan: 26.5 % of GDPCambodia: 30.4 % of GDPKiribati: 17.8 % of GDPSouth Korea: 32.5 % of GDPKuwait: 14.5 % of GDPKazakhstan: 26.5 % of GDPLebanon: 5.4 % of GDPSri Lanka: 36.7 % of GDPLesotho: 28.5 % of GDPLithuania: 21.8 % of GDPLuxembourg: 18.7 % of GDPLatvia: 25.7 % of GDPLibya: 12.2 % of GDPMorocco: 30.7 % of GDPMoldova: 26.9 % of GDPMontenegro: 25.5 % of GDPMadagascar: 16.4 % of GDPNorth Macedonia: 32.2 % of GDPMali: 23.8 % of GDPMongolia: 36.7 % of GDPMauritania: 40.6 % of GDPMauritius: 19.6 % of GDPMalawi: 16.9 % of GDPMexico: 21.7 % of GDPMalaysia: 22.1 % of GDPMozambique: 40.4 % of GDPNamibia: 17.5 % of GDPNew Caledonia: 26.2 % of GDPNiger: 31.7 % of GDPNicaragua: 23.8 % of GDPNetherlands: 22.2 % of GDPNorway: 23.4 % of GDPNepal: 35.2 % of GDPNew Zealand: 25.2 % of GDPOman: 27.9 % of GDPPanama: 31.3 % of GDPPeru: 22.3 % of GDPFrench Polynesia: 22 % of GDPPhilippines: 21.1 % of GDPPakistan: 14.5 % of GDPPoland: 21.8 % of GDPPuerto Rico: 11.4 % of GDPPalestine: 25.5 % of GDPPortugal: 20.9 % of GDPPalau: 37.9 % of GDPParaguay: 24 % of GDPQatar: 36.8 % of GDPRomania: 26.4 % of GDPSerbia: 24.9 % of GDPRussia: 23 % of GDPRwanda: 36.1 % of GDPSaudi Arabia: 26.3 % of GDPSolomon Islands: 22.5 % of GDPSudan: 3.5 % of GDPSweden: 25.3 % of GDPSingapore: 24.1 % of GDPSlovenia: 21.8 % of GDPSlovakia: 22.7 % of GDPSierra Leone: 14.1 % of GDPSenegal: 38.4 % of GDPSomalia: 18 % of GDPEl Salvador: 23.4 % of GDPEswatini: 19.8 % of GDPChad: 19.9 % of GDPTogo: 21.5 % of GDPThailand: 28.7 % of GDPTajikistan: 34.9 % of GDPTimor-Leste: 14.4 % of GDPTunisia: 15.8 % of GDPTürkiye: 34.4 % of GDPTrinidad and Tobago: 20.3 % of GDPTanzania: 39.7 % of GDPUkraine: 14.5 % of GDPUganda: 24.1 % of GDPUnited States: 21.4 % of GDPUruguay: 18.2 % of GDPUzbekistan: 35.9 % of GDPVenezuela: 8.9 % of GDPVietnam: 32.9 % of GDPVanuatu: 16.9 % of GDPSamoa: 35.2 % of GDPSouth Africa: 12.8 % of GDPZambia: 31.4 % of GDPZimbabwe: 10 % of GDP
  • Under 0
  • 0 to 21
  • 21 to 26
  • 26 and over
  • No data
% of GDP, 2021. Red areas are below zero and blue areas above it. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

Top 40 countries, 2021

Bhutan: 44.4 % of GDPBhutan44.4China: 42.7 % of GDPChina42.7Iran: 41.5 % of GDPIran41.5Mauritania: 40.6 % of GDPMauritania40.6Mozambique: 40.4 % of GDPMozambique40.4Tanzania: 39.7 % of GDPTanzania39.7Algeria: 39.1 % of GDPAlgeria39.1Senegal: 38.4 % of GDPSenegal38.4Palau: 37.9 % of GDPPalau37.9Greenland: 37.1 % of GDPGreenland37.1Qatar: 36.8 % of GDPQatar36.8Sri Lanka: 36.7 % of GDPSri Lanka36.7Mongolia: 36.7 % of GDPMongolia36.7Rwanda: 36.1 % of GDPRwanda36.1Uzbekistan: 35.9 % of GDPUzbekistan35.9Samoa: 35.2 % of GDPSamoa35.2Nepal: 35.2 % of GDPNepal35.2Tajikistan: 34.9 % of GDPTajikistan34.9Türkiye: 34.4 % of GDPTürkiye34.4Tonga: 33.1 % of GDPTonga33.1Vietnam: 32.9 % of GDPVietnam32.9Democratic Republic of the Congo: 32.6 % of GDPDemocratic Republic of the Congo32.6South Korea: 32.5 % of GDPSouth Korea32.5North Macedonia: 32.2 % of GDPNorth Macedonia32.2India: 32.1 % of GDPIndia32.1Niger: 31.7 % of GDPNiger31.7Indonesia: 31.4 % of GDPIndonesia31.4Zambia: 31.4 % of GDPZambia31.4Panama: 31.3 % of GDPPanama31.3Brunei: 31.3 % of GDPBrunei31.3Bangladesh: 31 % of GDPBangladesh31Estonia: 30.9 % of GDPEstonia30.9Hungary: 30.9 % of GDPHungary30.9Morocco: 30.7 % of GDPMorocco30.7Cambodia: 30.4 % of GDPCambodia30.4Gambia: 30.4 % of GDPGambia30.4Dominican Republic: 30.3 % of GDPDominican Republic30.3Faroe Islands: 28.9 % of GDPFaroe Islands28.9Benin: 28.9 % of GDPBenin28.9Thailand: 28.7 % of GDPThailand28.7Bhutan: 44.4 % of GDPBhutan44.4China: 42.7 % of GDPChina42.7Iran: 41.5 % of GDPIran41.5Mauritania: 40.6 % of GDPMauritania40.6Mozambique: 40.4 % of GDPMozambique40.4Tanzania: 39.7 % of GDPTanzania39.7Algeria: 39.1 % of GDPAlgeria39.1Senegal: 38.4 % of GDPSenegal38.4Palau: 37.9 % of GDPPalau37.9Greenland: 37.1 % of GDPGreenland37.1Qatar: 36.8 % of GDPQatar36.8Sri Lanka: 36.7 % of GDPSri Lanka36.7Mongolia: 36.7 % of GDPMongolia36.7Rwanda: 36.1 % of GDPRwanda36.1Uzbekistan: 35.9 % of GDPUzbekistan35.9Samoa: 35.2 % of GDPSamoa35.2Nepal: 35.2 % of GDPNepal35.2Tajikistan: 34.9 % of GDPTajikistan34.9Türkiye: 34.4 % of GDPTürkiye34.4Tonga: 33.1 % of GDPTonga33.1Vietnam: 32.9 % of GDPVietnam32.9Democratic Republic of the Congo: 32.6 % of GDPDemocratic Republic of the Congo32.6South Korea: 32.5 % of GDPSouth Korea32.5North Macedonia: 32.2 % of GDPNorth Macedonia32.2India: 32.1 % of GDPIndia32.1Niger: 31.7 % of GDPNiger31.7Indonesia: 31.4 % of GDPIndonesia31.4Zambia: 31.4 % of GDPZambia31.4Panama: 31.3 % of GDPPanama31.3Brunei: 31.3 % of GDPBrunei31.3Bangladesh: 31 % of GDPBangladesh31Estonia: 30.9 % of GDPEstonia30.9Hungary: 30.9 % of GDPHungary30.9Morocco: 30.7 % of GDPMorocco30.7Cambodia: 30.4 % of GDPCambodia30.4Gambia: 30.4 % of GDPGambia30.4Dominican Republic: 30.3 % of GDPDominican Republic30.3Faroe Islands: 28.9 % of GDPFaroe Islands28.9Benin: 28.9 % of GDPBenin28.9Thailand: 28.7 % of GDPThailand28.7
% of GDP. Source: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18.

Full ranking

RankCountries2021
% of GDP		Change on 2020
1Bhutan44.4+5.3 pts
2China42.7+0.1 pts
3Iran41.5-6.4 pts
4Mauritania40.6+2 pts
5Mozambique40.4-4.5 pts
6Tanzania39.7+0.9 pts
7Algeria39.1-3.8 pts
8Senegal38.4+2.7 pts
9Palau37.9-4.2 pts
10Greenland37.1+4.1 pts
11Qatar36.8-7 pts
12Sri Lanka36.7+3.9 pts
13Mongolia36.7+14.3 pts
14Rwanda36.1+17.9 pts
15Uzbekistan35.9+0.3 pts
16Samoa35.2+2 pts
17Nepal35.2+4.7 pts
18Tajikistan34.9+1.4 pts
19Türkiye34.4+0.2 pts
20Tonga33.1+8.6 pts
21Vietnam32.9+1 pts
22Democratic Republic of the Congo32.6+10.7 pts
23South Korea32.5+1 pts
24North Macedonia32.2+2.3 pts
25India32.1+3.2 pts
26Niger31.7-0.8 pts
27Indonesia31.4-0.9 pts
28Zambia31.4-0.9 pts
29Panama31.3+7.3 pts
30Brunei31.3-9.3 pts
31Bangladesh31-0.3 pts
32Estonia30.9+1.3 pts
33Hungary30.9+3.5 pts
34Morocco30.7+1.9 pts
35Cambodia30.4-1 pts
36Gambia30.4-2 pts
37Dominican Republic30.3+5.4 pts
38Faroe Islands28.9+0.6 pts
39Benin28.9+3.2 pts
40Thailand28.7+4.9 pts
41Albania28.7+2.5 pts
42Lesotho28.5+2.2 pts
43Switzerland28.2-3.1 pts
44Czechia28.1+3.4 pts
45Bahrain28.1-9.2 pts
46Ethiopia28-2.6 pts
47Oman27.9+0.2 pts
48Cape Verde27.7-1.2 pts
49Austria27.7+2 pts
50Botswana27.4-5.4 pts
51Japan27.3+0.4 pts
52Moldova26.9+3 pts
53Kazakhstan26.5-2.3 pts
54Kyrgyzstan26.5+1.5 pts
55Romania26.4+2.1 pts
56Saudi Arabia26.3+3 pts
57Bosnia and Herzegovina26.3+2.8 pts
58New Caledonia26.2-1.1 pts
59Israel26.1+1.2 pts
60Latvia25.7+3.6 pts
61Montenegro25.5-4.6 pts
62Palestine25.5+1.1 pts
63United Arab Emirates25.4+2.6 pts
64Central African Republic25.4-0.6 pts
65Sweden25.3+0.9 pts
66New Zealand25.2+2 pts
67Maldives25.2-10.3 pts
68Serbia24.9+0.8 pts
69Finland24.8-0.2 pts
70Belgium24.4+0.4 pts
71Bahamas24.4+1.4 pts
72Belarus24.4-3.1 pts
73Canada24.3+1.6 pts
74Honduras24.2+4.6 pts
75Chile24.1+3.1 pts
76Singapore24.1+1.2 pts
77Uganda24.1-0.1 pts
78Paraguay24+4 pts
79Denmark24+1.2 pts
80Mali23.8+3.2 pts
81Cuba23.8+13.9 pts
82Nicaragua23.8+3.5 pts
83Côte d’Ivoire23.6+1.8 pts
84France23.4+0.6 pts
85Norway23.4-5.6 pts
86El Salvador23.4+6.1 pts
87Macao23.1-3.1 pts
88Malta23.1+2.9 pts
89Ireland23-19.6 pts
90Russia23-0.4 pts
91Armenia23+3.3 pts
92Australia22.9+0.5 pts
93Iceland22.8+1.8 pts
94Slovakia22.7+2.5 pts
95Germany22.7+0.9 pts
96Solomon Islands22.5+5.8 pts
97Peru22.3+4.1 pts
98San Marino22.2+4.2 pts
99Netherlands22.2+0.8 pts
100Malaysia22.1+2.5 pts
101French Polynesia22+0.9 pts
102Italy22+4.1 pts
103Republic of the Congo22-1.8 pts
104Spain21.9+1.2 pts
105Lithuania21.8+5.3 pts
106Poland21.8+3 pts
107Slovenia21.8+1.6 pts
108Croatia21.8-1.8 pts
109Mexico21.7+1.5 pts
110Belize21.7+3.2 pts
111Togo21.5+1.7 pts
112Iraq21.4-0.9 pts
113United States21.4-0 pts
114Guinea-Bissau21.4-4.3 pts
115Philippines21.1+3.7 pts
116Portugal20.9+1.5 pts
117Ecuador20.7+3.2 pts
118Bulgaria20.7+0.6 pts
119Georgia20.7-3.9 pts
120Kenya20.4+0.7 pts
121Trinidad and Tobago20.3-0.2 pts
122Aruba20.3-3.7 pts
123Fiji20.2+3.7 pts
124Chad19.9-2.8 pts
125Eswatini19.8+4.5 pts
126Marshall Islands19.7-1 pts
127Cyprus19.6-1 pts
128Mauritius19.6+1.6 pts
129Brazil19.5+3.4 pts
130Colombia18.9-0.2 pts
131United Kingdom18.9+0.6 pts
132Luxembourg18.7+0.8 pts
133Egypt18.2-0.6 pts
134Uruguay18.2+2 pts
135Cameroon18.1+0.5 pts
136Haiti18.1+0.4 pts
137Argentina18.1+3.7 pts
138Somalia18+2 pts
139Bolivia17.8+0.5 pts
140Costa Rica17.8+2.2 pts
141Kiribati17.8+3.1 pts
142Namibia17.5+3.6 pts
143Greece17.5+3.9 pts
144Gabon17.5-2.4 pts
145Azerbaijan17.1-6.6 pts
146Ghana17-1.2 pts
147Malawi16.9+0.2 pts
148Vanuatu16.9-1.8 pts
149Hong Kong16.8-2.2 pts
150Guatemala16.8+3.3 pts
151Seychelles16.5-4.9 pts
152Madagascar16.4-1.3 pts
153Angola16.2-3.5 pts
154Guinea16.1-15.4 pts
155Tunisia15.8+3.2 pts
156Burkina Faso15.5-1.7 pts
157Pakistan14.5-0.3 pts
158Kuwait14.5-4.2 pts
159Ukraine14.5+5.5 pts
160Timor-Leste14.4-2.1 pts
161Sierra Leone14.1-1.2 pts
162Comoros13.5+1.7 pts
163Afghanistan13+1.5 pts
164Bermuda12.9+0.7 pts
165South Africa12.8+0.5 pts
166Libya12.2+2.7 pts
167Puerto Rico11.4+0.5 pts
168São Tomé and Príncipe10.3-1.5 pts
169Zimbabwe10+2.6 pts
170Venezuela8.9-0.4 pts
171Equatorial Guinea8.2+1.3 pts
172Lebanon5.4-2.7 pts
173Sudan3.5-2.3 pts
174Djibouti-15.7-15.4 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Acquisitions less disposals of produced assets for fixed capital formation, inventories or valuables, as a percentage of GDP. World Bank national accounts data, compiled from national statistical offices and central banks and from OECD national accounts files.

Includes the change in inventories, so it can be negative in a year when stocks are run down. For investment in fixed assets alone see gross_fixed_capital_formation_gdp. Current prices, so the share moves with relative prices as well as volumes. Countries that rebase their national accounts can shift it by several points. The latest year varies by country.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. 12 countries with data in other periods have no value for 2021 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

World Bank. (2026). Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS) (Countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS

MLA 9

Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), Countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2021. World Bank, 8 Oct. 2026, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/countries?period=2021. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

World Bank. 2026. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/countries?period=2021.

Harvard

World Bank (2026) Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS), Countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/countries?period=2021 (Accessed: 18 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{world_countries_by_gross_capital_2021,
  author = {{World Bank}},
  title = {{Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): Countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2021}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS},
  urldate = {2026-10-18},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/countries?period=2021. Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (\% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - World Bank
TI  - Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS): Countries by gross capital formation, share of GDP, 2021
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/08
PB  - World Bank
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/countries?period=2021
Y2  - 2026/10/18
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/gross-capital-formation-gdp/countries?period=2021.
N1  - Publisher attribution: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS. Retrieved 2026-10-18. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.
ER  -
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Questions

Which country has the highest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Bhutan, with 44.4% of GDP in 2021, according to the World Bank.

Which country has the lowest gross capital formation, share of GDP?

Djibouti, with -15.7% of GDP in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: World Bank, Gross capital formation (% of GDP) (NE.GDI.TOTL.ZS). Retrieved 2026-10-18. 12 countries have no value for 2021 and are not ranked.

Gross capital formation, share of GDP: other rankings

Countries: more rankings