EU countries by foreign-born share of the population

Name: EU countries by foreign-born share of the population, 2023
License: https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology

Luxembourg had the highest foreign-born share of the population of 27 EU countries in 2023, at 50.4%. Poland had the lowest, at 2.5%. The median was 13.6%. Source: Eurostat.

Highest50.4Luxembourg

Lowest2.5Poland

Median13.627 EU countries

All EU countries, 2023

%. Source: Invokely calculation with data from Eurostat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	2023 (%)	Change on 2022
1	Luxembourg	50.4	+1 pts
2	Malta	28.3	+4.7 pts
3	Cyprus	26.1	+1 pts
4	Ireland	21.8	+1.4 pts
5	Austria	21.6	+1.1 pts
6	Sweden	20.4	+0.4 pts
7	Germany	19.7	+1.3 pts
8	Belgium	19.1	+0.9 pts
9	Estonia	17.2	+2.1 pts
10	Spain	17.1	+1.3 pts
11	Portugal	16.5	+1.4 pts
12	Netherlands	15.6	+1.1 pts
13	Slovenia	14.6	+0.6 pts
14	Denmark	13.6	+0.9 pts
15	France Estimated	13.1	+0.4 pts
16	Croatia	12.7	+0.5 pts
17	Latvia	12.4	+0.5 pts
18	Greece	11.2	+0.1 pts
19	Italy	10.9	+0.4 pts
20	Czechia	9.2	+2.6 pts
21	Finland	8.3	+0.6 pts
22	Lithuania	8.1	+2.1 pts
23	Hungary	6.7	+0.3 pts
24	Romania Estimated	5.2	+0.8 pts
25	Slovakia	3.9	0 pts
26	Bulgaria	2.6	+0.4 pts
27	Poland Estimated	2.5	0 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

People born outside the country where they live, as a percentage of the total population. United States: people who were not US citizens at birth, including naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents, temporary migrants and unauthorized immigrants; American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span. EU countries: residents on 1 January whose country of birth is not the reporting country (Eurostat).

Based on place of birth, not nationality: a naturalized citizen counts as foreign born. In the United States people born in Puerto Rico, the US island areas or abroad to American parents count as native; in the EU everyone born outside the reporting country counts as foreign born, including people born in another EU country or abroad to national parents. Not comparable with foreign_population_share, which counts foreign nationals in Spain and the EU.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Invokely calculation from Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

Invokely calculated this figure from the publishers' data, so Invokely is the author and the publishers of the inputs are named.

APA 7

Invokely. (n.d.). Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb) (EU countries by foreign-born share of the population, 2023) [Data set]. Calculated from data by Eurostat. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share

MLA 9

Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb), EU countries by foreign-born share of the population, 2023. Calculated from data by Eurostat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Invokely. n.d. Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb). EU countries by foreign-born share of the population, 2023. Dataset. Calculated from data by Eurostat. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share.

Harvard

Invokely (no date) Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb), EU countries by foreign-born share of the population, 2023 [Dataset]. Calculated from data by Eurostat. Available at: https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{invokely_eu_countries_by_foreign_2023,
  author = {{Invokely}},
  title = {{Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr\_pop4ctb): EU countries by foreign-born share of the population, 2023}},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Calculated from data by Eurostat. Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/eu-countries?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr\_pop4ctb). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology\#foreign\_born\_share. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Invokely
TI  - Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb): EU countries by foreign-born share of the population, 2023
PB  - Invokely
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/eu-countries?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Calculated from data by Eurostat.
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/foreign-born-population/eu-countries?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#foreign_born_share. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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rank_places {"indicator":"foreign_born_share","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest foreign-born share of the population?

Luxembourg, with 50.4% in 2023, according to Eurostat.

Which EU country has the lowest foreign-born share of the population?

Poland, with 2.5% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Invokely, Foreign-born population share (Eurostat migr_pop4ctb). Retrieved 2026-10-12.