Autonomous communities of Spain by enterprise deaths, 2023

Catalonia had the highest enterprise deaths of 19 autonomous communities in 2023, at 51,120. Ceuta had the lowest, at 344. The median was 9,104 and the figure for Spain was 273,103. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

Highest51,120Catalonia

Lowest344Ceuta

Median9,10419 autonomous communities

Spain273,103History

Map of autonomous communities, 2023

Under 3,100
3,100 to 6,600
6,600 to 10K
10K to 21K
21K and over

count, 2023. Source: Eurostat, Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All autonomous communities, 2023

count. Source: Eurostat, Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	Autonomous communities	2023 count	Change on 2022
1	Catalonia Estimated	51,120	-9.4%
2	Andalusia Estimated	47,783	-8%
3	Community of Madrid Estimated	42,764	-10.2%
4	Valencian Community Estimated	32,190	-11.2%
5	Galicia Estimated	13,671	-10.6%
6	Canary Islands Estimated	13,210	-5.5%
7	Basque Country Estimated	10,385	+2.4%
8	Castile and León Estimated	10,323	-10.5%
9	Castilla-La Mancha Estimated	10,128	-10.9%
10	Balearic Islands Estimated	9,104	-5.9%
11	Region of Murcia Estimated	8,030	-12%
12	Aragon Estimated	6,236	-5.1%
13	Asturias Estimated	5,046	-10.9%
14	Extremadura Estimated	4,989	-11.3%
15	Navarre Estimated	3,423	+13.2%
16	Cantabria Estimated	2,707	-6.6%
17	La Rioja Estimated	1,520	-12.3%
18	Melilla Estimated	478	-14.9%
19	Ceuta Estimated	344	-10.9%

Other periods

2023
2022
2021
2020

About this ranking

Enterprises that stopped trading during the year and were not reactivated within two years. Enterprises absorbed by a merger or a takeover are not deaths.

Counts enterprises, which can run several local units, under the harmonised Eurostat and OECD business demography rules. Not the same as active_companies (the INE business register count for Spain) or employer_firms (US firms with employees). A death is not an insolvency: most enterprises that close do so without a formal insolvency procedure. The latest years are estimated from expected reactivations and are provisional.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the autonomous communities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r) (Autonomous communities of Spain by enterprise deaths, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table

MLA 9

Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r), Autonomous communities of Spain by enterprise deaths, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 13 Mar. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-deaths/spain-regions. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r). Autonomous communities of Spain by enterprise deaths, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-deaths/spain-regions.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r), Autonomous communities of Spain by enterprise deaths, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-deaths/spain-regions (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{eurostat_autonomous_communities_of_spain_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd\_size\_r): Autonomous communities of Spain by enterprise deaths, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-deaths/spain-regions. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd\_size\_r). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd\_size\_r/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r): Autonomous communities of Spain by enterprise deaths, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/03/13
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-deaths/spain-regions
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-deaths/spain-regions.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which autonomous community has the highest enterprise deaths?

Catalonia, with 51,120 in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which autonomous community has the lowest enterprise deaths?

Ceuta, with 344 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, enterprise deaths, number (bd_size_r). Retrieved 2026-10-12.