Countries by CO2 emissions from energy consumption

China had the highest CO2 emissions from energy consumption of 217 countries in 2023, at 12,265.3 million tonnes of CO2. Tuvalu had the lowest, at 0 million tonnes of CO2. The median was 10.2 million tonnes of CO2. Source: the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Highest12,265.3China

Lowest0Tuvalu

Median10.2217 countries

Top 40 countries, 2023

million tonnes of CO2. Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics: CO2 emissions from the consumption of energy, million metric tonnes (series INTL.4008-8-MMTCD.A) via Data Commons. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Full ranking

Rank	Countries	2023 million tonnes of CO2	Change on 2022
1	China	12,265.3	+6.8%
2	United States	4,791.1	-3%
3	India	2,857.2	+9.9%
4	Russia	1,838.1	-2.4%
5	Japan	963.2	-5.1%
6	Indonesia	844.4	+9.4%
7	Iran	843.4	+13.5%
8	Saudi Arabia	672.6	+3.1%
9	South Korea	646.4	+2.2%
10	Germany	593.1	-12%
11	Canada	591	+2%
12	Mexico	462.3	+0.4%
13	South Africa	446.2	+0.7%
14	Brazil	437.5	+0.3%
15	Türkiye	399.1	+1.8%
16	Australia	396.7	-1.6%
17	United Kingdom	339.8	-3.6%
18	Thailand	318.1	+6.8%
19	Italy	309.1	-4.6%
20	Vietnam	306.4	+8.2%
21	France	300.6	-5.2%
22	Taiwan	292.3	+1.3%
23	United Arab Emirates	286.2	+8.4%
24	Kazakhstan	273.3	+2%
25	Poland	263.5	-9.4%
26	Malaysia	263.4	+7%
27	Spain	254.4	-4.5%
28	Egypt	252.6	+4.1%
29	Singapore	238.8	+8.6%
30	Iraq	202.1	+5.6%
31	Argentina	194.4	-2.4%
32	Netherlands	185	+1.5%
33	Pakistan	184.2	-6.7%
34	Algeria	163.4	+3.1%
35	Philippines	156.3	+10.9%
36	Uzbekistan	130	+12.6%
37	Qatar	129	+13.3%
38	Bangladesh	128.8	+8.5%
39	Belgium	112.7	-3.5%
40	Ukraine	109.2	-2.8%
41	Nigeria	106.7	-6.6%
42	Kuwait	104.2	+6.2%
43	Turkmenistan	100.6	+1.5%
44	Colombia	88.4	+3.1%
45	Oman	85.4	+5.9%
46	Czechia	80.5	-12.4%
47	Chile	79.9	-1.6%
48	Venezuela	79.7	-0.9%
49	Morocco	64.9	-5.3%
50	Greece	64.8	+4.5%
51	Israel	64.5	-3.8%
52	Hong Kong	64.4	+12.1%
53	Romania	62.9	-4.7%
54	Peru	59.3	+2.9%
55	Austria	56.8	-2.3%
56	North Korea	55.9	+1.7%
57	Belarus	48.9	-1.9%
58	Libya	48.2	0%
59	Bahrain	44.7	+2.3%
60	Serbia	44.3	+0.3%
61	Sweden	43.5	-6.3%
62	Azerbaijan	42.3	+3.7%
63	Portugal	40.7	-4.6%
64	Ecuador	40.7	+4.2%
65	Norway	40.1	-2.8%
66	Hungary	40.1	-10.9%
67	Ireland	35.3	-2.4%
68	New Zealand	34.7	+6.5%
69	Finland	34.4	-5.5%
70	Trinidad and Tobago	34	-2.9%
71	Bulgaria	33.7	-23.9%
72	Switzerland	33.6	+0.9%
73	Dominican Republic	30	-1.4%
74	Denmark	29.8	-3.2%
75	Slovakia	29.8	-1.6%
76	Myanmar	26.3	-4.8%
77	Syria	25.9	+8%
78	Bosnia and Herzegovina	24.6	-6.6%
79	Tunisia	24.6	-3.3%
80	Panama	24	+2.3%
81	Laos	23.1	+13.5%
82	Jordan	22.6	-4.3%
83	Bolivia	22.5	+5.9%
84	Ghana	21.6	+5.1%
85	Mongolia	20.4	+40.6%
86	Angola	20.4	+3.8%
87	Puerto Rico	20.1	+16.6%
88	Guatemala	19.9	-0.2%
89	Cuba	19.2	-12.5%
90	Kenya	19	+2.8%
91	Ethiopia	18.4	+10.8%
92	Cambodia	18	+33.9%
93	Côte d’Ivoire	17.5	+7.2%
94	Sri Lanka	17.5	-2.1%
95	Tanzania	17.1	+2.4%
96	Croatia	17	+4.1%
97	Lebanon	16.7	+5.8%
98	Gibraltar	15.1	-3.3%
99	Yemen	14.6	-3.7%
100	Lithuania	12.9	-0.5%
101	Zimbabwe	12.9	-9.1%
102	Sudan	12.4	-34.7%
103	Honduras	12.3	+9.3%
104	Senegal	11.8	+4.9%
105	Georgia	11.6	-1%
106	Kyrgyzstan	11.3	+11.6%
107	Slovenia	11.2	-6.5%
108	Brunei	10.5	-3.9%
109	Zambia	10.2	+52.2%
110	El Salvador	9.7	+14.7%
111	Nepal	9.7	-7.8%
112	Malta	9.6	+6.2%
113	Mozambique	9.4	-1.7%
114	Costa Rica	8.9	+12.1%
115	Tajikistan	8.9	+2.7%
116	Luxembourg	8.6	-5.1%
117	Jamaica	8	+6.1%
118	Uruguay	7.7	-1%
119	Afghanistan	7.6	-18.6%
120	Armenia	7.4	+0.8%
121	Paraguay	7.3	-5.6%
122	North Macedonia	7.2	-3.7%
123	Benin	7.2	+29.3%
124	Cyprus	7	+2.3%
125	Papua New Guinea	6.9	-11.8%
126	Mali	6.8	+2%
127	Equatorial Guinea	6.7	-1.8%
128	Moldova	6.5	-14.3%
129	Latvia	6.4	-2.1%
130	Cameroon	6.2	-7.7%
131	Uganda	6.1	-0.5%
132	Botswana	5.9	-23.5%
133	Mauritius	5.6	+6.1%
134	Burkina Faso	5.5	+7.9%
135	Nicaragua	5	+0.8%
136	New Caledonia	4.9	+1.4%
137	Palestine	4.6	-2.6%
138	Estonia	4.5	-6.8%
139	Republic of the Congo	4.5	+1.2%
140	Mauritania	4.5	-5.6%
141	Democratic Republic of the Congo	4.3	+14.2%
142	Guinea	4.3	-0.9%
143	Guyana	4	+15.7%
144	Albania	3.9	-8.9%
145	Madagascar	3.8	-4.2%
146	Namibia	3.5	+4.1%
147	Gabon	3.4	+4.2%
148	Bahamas	3.4	+12.6%
149	Niger	3.4	+8.2%
150	Iceland	3.3	-2%
151	Guam	3	+38.7%
152	Montenegro	2.8	+6.8%
153	Togo	2.7	+10.4%
154	U.S. Virgin Islands	2.4	+4.3%
155	Fiji	2.2	+26.6%
156	Suriname	2.1	-15.7%
157	Maldives	1.8	+1.9%
158	Chad	1.8	-8.7%
159	Rwanda	1.7	+20%
160	Haiti	1.7	-42.7%
161	Barbados	1.6	+12.8%
162	Sierra Leone	1.6	+6.7%
163	Somalia	1.6	+3.6%
164	Macao	1.6	+5.5%
165	Malawi	1.5	-1.5%
166	Eswatini	1.3	+11.8%
167	French Polynesia	1.3	+3.7%
168	Aruba	1.2	-1.2%
169	Bhutan	1	-17.9%
170	Lesotho	1	+2.3%
171	Seychelles	1	+10.7%
172	Cayman Islands	0.8	+13.2%
173	Faroe Islands	0.8	+3%
174	Burundi	0.8	-5.1%
175	Belize	0.8	+13.8%
176	Antigua and Barbuda	0.7	+1%
177	Eritrea	0.7	+5.5%
178	Cape Verde	0.7	-1.3%
179	Djibouti	0.7	+4.8%
180	Liberia	0.7	-7.2%
181	Timor-Leste	0.6	+0.3%
182	Saint Lucia	0.6	+2.3%
183	Bermuda	0.6	+0.7%
184	Gambia	0.6	+6.7%
185	Greenland	0.5	-2.4%
186	American Samoa	0.5	+2%
187	Turks and Caicos Islands	0.5	+0.7%
188	Central African Republic	0.4	+0.5%
189	Grenada	0.4	+10.4%
190	Comoros	0.4	-12.3%
191	Guinea-Bissau	0.4	-6%
192	Samoa	0.3	+8.8%
193	Vanuatu	0.3	+12.4%
194	Solomon Islands	0.3	+2.6%
195	Western Sahara	0.3	+12%
196	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0.3	+1.5%
197	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0.3	+8.8%
198	Tonga	0.2	+11.6%
199	British Virgin Islands	0.2	+1.6%
200	Dominica	0.2	+5.3%
201	Micronesia	0.2	+0.2%
202	São Tomé and Príncipe	0.2	+15.3%
203	Cook Islands	0.1	+14.1%
204	Falkland Islands	0.1	+160.5%
205	Nauru	0.1	+3.7%
206	Kiribati	0.1	+2.5%
207	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0.1	+25.5%
208	Montserrat	0	-14.3%
209	Antarctica	0	+28.5%
210	Saint Helena	0	0%
211	Niue	0	+11.4%
212	French Guiana	0	n/a
212	Guadeloupe	0	n/a
212	Martinique	0	n/a
212	Northern Mariana Islands	0	n/a
212	Réunion	0	n/a
212	Tuvalu	0	n/a

Other periods

About this ranking

Carbon dioxide emitted by burning coal, natural gas and petroleum products for energy in the year, in million metric tonnes, as estimated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in its International Energy Statistics.

Excludes industrial processes such as cement, land use and other greenhouse gases, so it is lower than total greenhouse gas inventories.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. International Energy Statistics: CO2 emissions from the consumption of energy, million metric tonnes (series INTL.4008-8-MMTCD.A). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Use this data in your AI agent

Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:

Rank Countries by CO2 emissions from energy consumption using official data, and cite the source.

rank_places {"indicator":"energy_co2_emissions","level":"country","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=energy_co2_emissions&level=country&limit=10

Connect Claude, ChatGPT or Cursor in one step. The trial answers 25 calls a day without an account.

Questions

Which country has the highest CO2 emissions from energy consumption?

China, with 12,265.3 million tonnes of CO2 in 2023, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Which country has the lowest CO2 emissions from energy consumption?

Tuvalu, with 0 million tonnes of CO2 in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics: CO2 emissions from the consumption of energy, million metric tonnes (series INTL.4008-8-MMTCD.A). Retrieved 2026-10-11.

CO2 emissions from energy consumption: other rankings

EU countries