US cities by civilian labor force
New York, NY had the highest civilian labor force of 1685 cities in 2021, at 4.14 million. Paradise, CA had the lowest, at 1,740. The median was 23,297. Source: the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Top 40 cities, 2021
Full ranking
| Rank | Cities | 2021 | Change on 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New York, NY | 4,135,749 | +1.3% |
| 2 | Los Angeles, CA | 2,023,695 | +0.9% |
| 3 | Chicago, IL | 1,414,888 | +0.6% |
| 4 | Houston, TX | 1,146,377 | -0.1% |
| 5 | Phoenix, AZ | 867,058 | +1.1% |
| 6 | Philadelphia, PA | 767,901 | -1.8% |
| 7 | San Diego, CA | 699,889 | +0.4% |
| 8 | San Antonio, TX | 696,481 | +2.1% |
| 9 | Dallas, TX | 684,226 | +1.4% |
| 10 | Austin, TX | 589,078 | +4% |
| 11 | San Jose, CA | 522,065 | -2.1% |
| 12 | San Francisco, CA | 500,765 | -3.8% |
| 13 | Columbus, OH | 490,946 | +0.4% |
| 14 | Charlotte, NC | 481,422 | +1.5% |
| 15 | Fort Worth, TX | 478,274 | +3.8% |
| 16 | Jacksonville, FL | 473,380 | +1.6% |
| 17 | Seattle, WA | 465,255 | +0.3% |
| 18 | Indianapolis, IN | 451,014 | +0.2% |
| 19 | Denver, CO | 434,425 | +1.3% |
| 20 | Boston, MA | 383,009 | -2.3% |
| 21 | Portland, OR | 379,703 | -0.7% |
| 22 | Oklahoma City, OK | 348,647 | +2.1% |
| 23 | El Paso, TX | 307,061 | +1.6% |
| 24 | Las Vegas, NV | 304,561 | -0.4% |
| 25 | Memphis, TN | 299,446 | -0.8% |
| 26 | Albuquerque, NM | 285,931 | +1.4% |
| 27 | Baltimore, MD | 280,834 | -3.1% |
| 28 | Milwaukee, WI | 274,178 | -2.1% |
| 29 | Atlanta, GA | 271,532 | -0.1% |
| 30 | Kansas City, MO | 270,214 | +0.1% |
| 31 | Tucson, AZ | 263,105 | -1% |
| 32 | Mesa, AZ | 262,742 | +1.3% |
| 33 | Raleigh, NC | 261,358 | +3.2% |
| 34 | Omaha, NE | 258,456 | -1.1% |
| 35 | Sacramento, CA | 257,753 | +1% |
| 36 | Detroit, MI | 256,260 | -4.7% |
| 37 | Colorado Springs, CO | 252,067 | +3.2% |
| 38 | Minneapolis, MN | 249,328 | -3.1% |
| 39 | Long Beach, CA | 243,139 | +0.8% |
| 40 | Fresno, CA | 237,458 | -0.5% |
| 41 | Miami, FL | 235,275 | +4.5% |
| 42 | Oakland, CA | 231,288 | -0.7% |
| 43 | Virginia Beach, VA | 226,272 | -1.1% |
| 44 | Aurora, CO | 214,502 | +3.1% |
| 45 | Arlington, TX | 208,632 | +1.5% |
| 46 | Tampa, FL | 203,597 | +1.4% |
| 47 | Wichita, KS | 201,318 | -1.5% |
| 48 | Tulsa, OK | 200,406 | -0.2% |
| 49 | Bakersfield, CA | 183,238 | -0% |
| 50 | New Orleans, LA | 179,619 | -1.5% |
| 51 | Anaheim, CA | 173,879 | -0.5% |
| 52 | Orlando, FL | 171,879 | +0.4% |
| 53 | Lexington, KY | 167,299 | +0.1% |
| 54 | St. Paul, MN | 165,374 | -3.2% |
| 55 | Madison, WI | 162,325 | 0% |
| 56 | Lincoln, NE | 162,160 | -0.3% |
| 57 | Pittsburgh, PA | 161,912 | -1.3% |
| 58 | Cleveland, OH | 161,413 | -2.4% |
| 59 | Plano, TX | 159,206 | +3.6% |
| 60 | St. Louis, MO | 159,197 | -2.1% |
| 61 | Chandler, AZ | 158,363 | +1.5% |
| 62 | Jersey City, NJ | 158,044 | -0.4% |
| 63 | Cincinnati, OH | 157,954 | 0% |
| 64 | Riverside, CA | 154,552 | +0.7% |
| 65 | Santa Ana, CA | 154,130 | +0.5% |
| 66 | Durham, NC | 153,879 | +3.2% |
| 67 | Irvine, CA | 150,515 | +0.3% |
| 68 | Henderson, NV | 148,233 | +0.5% |
| 69 | Gilbert, AZ | 147,842 | +2.7% |
| 70 | Anchorage, AK | 147,504 | +0.7% |
| 71 | Corpus Christi, TX | 146,918 | +0.3% |
| 72 | Greensboro, NC | 144,544 | +0.8% |
| 73 | St. Petersburg, FL | 142,727 | +1.7% |
| 74 | Reno, NV | 142,199 | +1.6% |
| 75 | Stockton, CA | 141,320 | 0% |
| 76 | Irving, TX | 137,897 | +1.4% |
| 77 | Newark, NJ | 135,847 | -1.3% |
| 78 | Boise City, ID | 135,062 | +0.5% |
| 79 | Lubbock, TX | 131,970 | +3.6% |
| 80 | Scottsdale, AZ | 131,478 | +0.3% |
| 81 | Fort Wayne, IN | 131,186 | -0.3% |
| 82 | Chula Vista, CA | 128,585 | +1% |
| 83 | Garland, TX | 126,758 | +1.7% |
| 84 | North Las Vegas, NV | 124,996 | +3.4% |
| 85 | Glendale, AZ | 124,206 | +0.7% |
| 86 | Richmond, VA | 123,928 | -1.9% |
| 87 | Toledo, OH | 123,299 | -2.5% |
| 88 | Buffalo, NY | 122,836 | -2.3% |
| 89 | Salt Lake City, UT | 121,314 | +1% |
| 90 | Chesapeake, VA | 119,678 | +0.2% |
| 91 | Santa Clarita, CA | 116,566 | +1.7% |
| 92 | Fremont, CA | 115,491 | +0.5% |
| 93 | Tacoma, WA | 115,471 | -0.4% |
| 94 | Des Moines, IA | 115,335 | -0.7% |
| 95 | Winston-Salem, NC | 114,983 | +1.1% |
| 96 | Spokane, WA | 114,610 | -0.8% |
| 97 | Overland Park, KS | 113,253 | +1.2% |
| 98 | Tempe, AZ | 112,945 | -0.1% |
| 99 | Sioux Falls, SD | 112,349 | +1.3% |
| 100 | Frisco, TX | 112,332 | +7.1% |
| 101 | Hialeah, FL | 111,097 | +4.8% |
| 102 | Huntsville, AL | 110,267 | +1.3% |
| 103 | Tallahassee, FL | 108,554 | +3% |
| 104 | McKinney, TX | 108,399 | +5.7% |
| 105 | Baton Rouge, LA | 107,178 | -0.3% |
| 106 | Laredo, TX | 106,882 | +1.1% |
| 107 | Norfolk, VA | 106,112 | -2.9% |
| 108 | Yonkers, NY | 105,428 | -0.5% |
| 109 | Worcester, MA | 105,223 | +1.2% |
| 110 | Grand Rapids, MI | 104,540 | -3.9% |
| 111 | Fontana, CA | 102,699 | +3.1% |
| 112 | Huntington Beach, CA | 102,403 | -0.3% |
| 113 | Port St. Lucie, FL | 101,429 | +5.4% |
| 114 | Grand Prairie, TX | 101,424 | +2.7% |
| 115 | Amarillo, TX | 99,845 | +3% |
| 116 | San Bernardino, CA | 99,306 | +0.9% |
| 117 | Fort Collins, CO | 98,728 | +1.6% |
| 118 | Fort Lauderdale, FL | 98,658 | -0.2% |
| 119 | Moreno Valley, CA | 98,642 | +2.2% |
| 120 | Rochester, NY | 98,610 | -2.6% |
| 121 | Little Rock, AR | 98,527 | -1.1% |
| 122 | Vancouver, WA | 98,101 | -0.6% |
| 123 | Oxnard, CA | 97,451 | +0.4% |
| 124 | Knoxville, TN | 97,326 | +0.8% |
| 125 | Cape Coral, FL | 97,289 | +5% |
| 126 | Providence, RI | 96,783 | -0.2% |
| 127 | Glendale, CA | 96,760 | +0.2% |
| 128 | Modesto, CA | 96,552 | -0.6% |
| 129 | Peoria, AZ | 96,225 | +2.1% |
| 130 | Alexandria, VA | 96,175 | -2.5% |
| 131 | Mobile, AL | 94,397 | -2.5% |
| 132 | Aurora, IL | 94,117 | +0.7% |
| 133 | Cary, NC | 93,121 | +4.1% |
| 134 | Birmingham, AL | 92,726 | -3% |
| 135 | Lakewood, CO | 91,398 | +2.8% |
| 136 | Chattanooga, TN | 90,839 | -0.8% |
| 137 | Akron, OH | 90,505 | -1.5% |
| 138 | Eugene, OR | 90,143 | +2.1% |
| 139 | Santa Rosa, CA | 89,826 | -0.3% |
| 140 | Montgomery, AL | 88,582 | -2% |
| 141 | Ontario, CA | 88,581 | +2.7% |
| 142 | Murfreesboro, TN | 88,476 | +3.6% |
| 143 | Rancho Cucamonga, CA | 88,027 | +1.5% |
| 144 | Pembroke Pines, FL | 87,322 | +0.4% |
| 145 | Newport News, VA | 87,082 | -2.5% |
| 146 | Salem, OR | 86,301 | +3.4% |
| 147 | Sunnyvale, CA | 85,429 | +0.4% |
| 148 | Oceanside, CA | 85,248 | +0.2% |
| 149 | Columbus, GA | 85,158 | -0.9% |
| 150 | Springfield, MO | 84,297 | -0.1% |
| 151 | Garden Grove, CA | 83,608 | -1.4% |
| 152 | Elk Grove, CA | 83,485 | +1.8% |
| 153 | Hollywood, FL | 82,967 | +0.5% |
| 154 | Hayward, CA | 82,396 | -2.2% |
| 155 | Brownsville, TX | 81,431 | +3.6% |
| 156 | Charleston, SC | 81,424 | +1.2% |
| 157 | Bellevue, WA | 81,190 | +0.8% |
| 158 | Carrollton, TX | 80,782 | +2.6% |
| 159 | Corona, CA | 80,616 | +1.9% |
| 160 | Thornton, CO | 80,336 | +2.9% |
| 161 | Salinas, CA | 80,333 | -0.6% |
| 162 | Denton, TX | 80,101 | +6.8% |
| 163 | Shreveport, LA | 79,825 | -0.6% |
| 164 | Fayetteville, NC | 79,280 | +1.3% |
| 165 | Olathe, KS | 79,250 | +1.6% |
| 166 | Miramar, FL | 77,313 | +2.2% |
| 167 | Joliet, IL | 77,131 | +2% |
| 168 | Mesquite, TX | 77,076 | +1.6% |
| 169 | Fargo, ND | 76,703 | +2.6% |
| 170 | Stamford, CT | 76,702 | -0.7% |
| 171 | Pasadena, CA | 76,471 | +2% |
| 172 | Naperville, IL | 76,021 | +2.8% |
| 173 | Cedar Rapids, IA | 75,476 | -0.5% |
| 174 | Lewisville, TX | 75,085 | +3% |
| 175 | Kansas City, KS | 75,045 | -1% |
| 176 | Bridgeport, CT | 74,615 | -1.3% |
| 177 | Palmdale, CA | 74,130 | +2.2% |
| 178 | Roseville, CA | 73,843 | +3.5% |
| 179 | Savannah, GA | 73,330 | +1.4% |
| 180 | Santa Clara, CA | 73,327 | +1.7% |
| 181 | Paterson, NJ | 72,806 | -1.2% |
| 182 | Escondido, CA | 72,469 | +0.9% |
| 183 | Torrance, CA | 72,315 | +0.9% |
| 184 | West Valley City, UT | 72,296 | +0.6% |
| 185 | Pomona, CA | 72,169 | +1% |
| 186 | Kent, WA | 71,771 | -0.6% |
| 187 | Clarksville, TN | 71,696 | +0.9% |
| 188 | Arvada, CO | 71,637 | +1.7% |
| 189 | Gainesville, FL | 71,078 | +2.9% |
| 190 | Lancaster, CA | 70,749 | +2.7% |
| 191 | Orange, CA | 70,454 | -0.1% |
| 192 | Coral Springs, FL | 70,127 | +0.9% |
| 193 | Cambridge, MA | 69,741 | +1.3% |
| 194 | Round Rock, TX | 69,428 | +7.3% |
| 195 | Springfield, MA | 69,036 | -0.3% |
| 196 | Westminster, CO | 68,964 | +0.8% |
| 197 | Surprise, AZ | 68,491 | +4.3% |
| 198 | Fullerton, CA | 67,975 | -1.8% |
| 199 | Warren, MI | 67,834 | -3% |
| 200 | New Haven, CT | 67,739 | +2.2% |
| 201 | Columbia, MO | 67,559 | +2.5% |
| 202 | McAllen, TX | 67,522 | +3.1% |
| 203 | Rockford, IL | 67,414 | -1.2% |
| 204 | Midland, TX | 67,224 | +1.8% |
| 205 | Waco, TX | 67,138 | +3.2% |
| 206 | Rochester, MN | 66,878 | -2.2% |
| 207 | Pasadena, TX | 66,657 | -1.9% |
| 208 | Meridian, ID | 66,573 | +5.4% |
| 209 | Manchester, NH | 66,510 | -2.7% |
| 210 | Norman, OK | 66,284 | +2% |
| 211 | Richardson, TX | 66,261 | +2.1% |
| 212 | Provo, UT | 66,010 | +1.6% |
| 213 | Jackson, MS | 65,999 | -2.4% |
| 214 | Elizabeth, NJ | 65,990 | -1.5% |
| 215 | Macon, GA | 65,351 | -0.3% |
| 216 | Simi Valley, CA | 65,137 | -1% |
| 217 | Sterling Heights, MI | 65,069 | -1.8% |
| 218 | Hampton, VA | 64,908 | -1.1% |
| 219 | West Jordan, UT | 64,526 | +1.3% |
| 220 | Sandy Springs, GA | 64,446 | +1.9% |
| 221 | Visalia, CA | 64,270 | -0.4% |
| 222 | Costa Mesa, CA | 63,673 | 0% |
| 223 | Ann Arbor, MI | 63,651 | -3.8% |
| 224 | Columbia, SC | 63,463 | +0.4% |
| 225 | Concord, CA | 63,279 | -0.3% |
| 226 | Pearland, TX | 63,223 | +1.3% |
| 227 | College Station, TX | 63,120 | +5.9% |
| 228 | Syracuse, NY | 62,738 | -3% |
| 229 | Killeen, TX | 62,511 | +3.1% |
| 230 | Lowell, MA | 62,412 | +2.1% |
| 231 | Topeka, KS | 62,316 | -0.3% |
| 232 | West Palm Beach, FL | 61,541 | +1.8% |
| 233 | Thousand Oaks, CA | 61,272 | -1% |
| 234 | Hillsboro, OR | 60,981 | +2.6% |
| 235 | Lafayette, LA | 60,803 | +1.5% |
| 236 | Billings, MT | 60,562 | -0.7% |
| 237 | Wilmington, NC | 60,528 | +3.2% |
| 238 | Vallejo, CA | 60,071 | -1.4% |
| 239 | Renton, WA | 60,036 | -0.7% |
| 240 | Boulder, CO | 59,878 | -0.5% |
| 241 | Daly City, CA | 59,796 | -1.1% |
| 242 | Allentown, PA | 59,714 | -0.7% |
| 243 | Broken Arrow, OK | 59,204 | +2% |
| 244 | Centennial, CO | 59,056 | +1.7% |
| 245 | League City, TX | 59,054 | +2.1% |
| 246 | San Mateo, CA | 59,037 | +1.3% |
| 247 | Independence, MO | 58,719 | -0.5% |
| 248 | Quincy, MA | 58,514 | -1.7% |
| 249 | Berkeley, CA | 58,512 | -5.2% |
| 250 | Palm Bay, FL | 58,478 | +3.6% |
Other periods
About this ranking
Employed plus unemployed residents, annual average.
More on how it is measured
- People aged 16 and over by place of residence, from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
- Active-duty military personnel and people living in institutions are excluded.
United States cities only for now. Counts people where they live, not jobs: for wage and salary jobs by state use oews_employment. BLS estimates cities by splitting county estimates with Census Bureau employment and population data and unemployment insurance claims, so city figures are less precise than state ones. BLS publishes cities of 25,000 or more, and smaller cities in New England.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the cities are compared on one definition. 21 cities with data in other periods have no value for 2021 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average. https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24. Retrieved 2026-10-12.Citation styles
APA 7
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2026). Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average (US cities by civilian labor force, 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24
MLA 9
Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average, US cities by civilian labor force, 2021. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 30 Sept. 2026, https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/civilian-labor-force/us-cities?period=2021. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.
Chicago (author-date)
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2026. Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average. US cities by civilian labor force, 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/civilian-labor-force/us-cities?period=2021.
Harvard
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2026) Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average, US cities by civilian labor force, 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/civilian-labor-force/us-cities?period=2021 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).
BibTeX
@misc{bureau_us_cities_by_civilian_2021,
author = {{U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics}},
title = {{Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average: US cities by civilian labor force, 2021}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Data set},
url = {https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24},
urldate = {2026-10-12},
note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/civilian-labor-force/us-cities?period=2021. Publisher attribution: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average. https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
TI - Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average: US cities by civilian labor force, 2021
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/30
PB - U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
DB - Invokely
UR - https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24
L2 - https://invokely.ai/rankings/civilian-labor-force/us-cities?period=2021
Y2 - 2026/10/12
N1 - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/civilian-labor-force/us-cities?period=2021.
N1 - Publisher attribution: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average. https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU20-24. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER -
Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Rank US cities by civilian labor force using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"civilian_labor_force","level":"municipality","within":"United States","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=civilian_labor_force&level=municipality&within=United%20States&limit=10Questions
Which city has the highest civilian labor force?
New York, NY, with 4.14 million in 2021, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Which city has the lowest civilian labor force?
Paradise, CA, with 1,740 in 2021.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics, cities and towns, not seasonally adjusted: labor force (measure 06), annual average. Retrieved 2026-10-12. 21 cities have no value for 2021 and are not ranked.