Data / Jefferson County / Profile

Jefferson County in figures

A profile of Jefferson County from official statistics: 24 figures in 6 sections, each with its period, its change from a year earlier, its rank among similar places where a ranking exists, and its source.

Figures last updated on 2026-10-12.

People

Population in Jefferson County was 795,222 in 2025, up 0.1% from 2024, and the highest of 120 counties in Kentucky.

Population795,2222025Up 0.1% from 2024The highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Median age38.4 years2024Unchanged from 2023The 16th lowest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Population aged 65 and over18.5%2025Up 0.4 percentage points from 2024The 25th lowest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Foreign-born population share10%2024Up 0.5 percentage points from 2023
Population density806.2 inhabitants per km²2025Up 0.1% from 2024
Net domestic migration, July to June-7,8782025, estimatedCompared with -4,692 in 2024
775K780K785K790K795K800K2020202120222023202420252020: 782,866 persons2021: 777,774 persons2022: 778,999 persons2023: 784,607 persons2024: 794,166 persons2025: 795,222 persons
Population, 2020 to 2025. persons. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual estimates of the resident population for the United States, states and counties, 1 July (Population Estimates Program).

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual estimates of the resident population for the United States, states and counties, 1 July (Population Estimates Program); U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B01002: median age, total population; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, county population by age and sex (cc-est agesex): residents aged 65 and over as a percentage of the total, 1 July; states and the nation summed from counties; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program resident population on 1 July divided by land area from the latest Census Gazetteer files, persons per km²; U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program: net domestic migration, states and counties, July 1 of the previous year to June 30 of the reported year; vintage 2020 files for 2011 to 2020 and the latest 2020s vintage from 2021. Population and demography statistics and rankings

Work and income

Unemployment rate in Jefferson County was 4.3% (provisional) in August 2026, unchanged from August 2025, and tied for the 51st lowest of 120 counties in Kentucky.

Unemployment rate4.3%August 2026, provisionalUnchanged from August 2025Tied for the 51st lowest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Median household income$69,8662024Up 3% from 2023The 13th highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Per capita personal income$70,6462024Up 4.1% from 2023The 4th highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Poverty rate (US official measure)14.6%2024Down 1.6 percentage points from 2023
Gini index48.12024Down 0.1 points from 2023
34562021-072022-042023-012023-102024-072025-042026-082021-07: 5.3 %2021-08: 4.1 %2021-09: 4.1 %2021-10: 3.9 %2021-11: 4.1 %2021-12: 3.7 %2022-01: 4.8 %2022-02: 4.3 %2022-03: 5 %2022-04: 3.2 %2022-05: 4.4 %2022-06: 4.1 %2022-07: 4.5 %2022-08: 3.7 %2022-09: 3.4 %2022-10: 3.6 %2022-11: 3.4 %2022-12: 3.2 %2023-01: 4.4 %2023-02: 4.5 %2023-03: 4.2 %2023-04: 3.3 %2023-05: 3.8 %2023-06: 4.3 %2023-07: 4.4 %2023-08: 4 %2023-09: 4 %2023-10: 3.9 %2023-11: 3.9 %2023-12: 3.8 %2024-01: 4.5 %2024-02: 4.8 %2024-03: 4.7 %2024-04: 4.1 %2024-05: 4.2 %2024-06: 4.9 %2024-07: 5.8 %2024-08: 4.6 %2024-09: 4.4 %2024-10: 4.4 %2024-11: 4.4 %2024-12: 4.2 %2025-01: 4.7 %2025-02: 5.3 %2025-03: 4.7 %2025-04: 4.6 %2025-05: 4.3 %2025-06: 4.7 %2025-07: 5 %2025-08: 4.3 %2025-09: 4.3 %2025-11: 3.8 %2025-12: 3.4 %2026-01: 4.4 %2026-02: 4.9 %2026-03: 4.7 %2026-04: 4.4 %2026-05: 5 %2026-06: 5.6 %2026-07: 5.2 %2026-08: 4.3 %
Unemployment rate, July 2021 to August 2026. %. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics: unemployment rate by county, not seasonally adjusted.

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics: unemployment rate by county, not seasonally adjusted; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19013: median household income in the past 12 months; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAINC1: county annual personal income summary, per capita personal income, current dollars, individual counties and county equivalents; U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): percent of people of all ages in poverty, states and counties; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19083: Gini index of household income inequality (coefficient multiplied by 100). Labor market statistics and rankings

Economy

GDP (US dollars) in Jefferson County was $78.8 billion in 2024, up 3.4% from 2023, and the highest of 120 counties in Kentucky.

Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars$78.8 billion2024Up 3.4% from 2023The highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
GDP per capita, US dollars$99,2632024Up 2.1% from 2023The 6th highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Real GDP growth0.1%2024Down 2.3 percentage points from 2023Tied for the 28th lowest of 120 counties in Kentucky
30K40K50K60K70K80K20012005200920132017202120242001: 32,109.6 USD million2002: 32,740.3 USD million2003: 34,079.9 USD million2004: 35,996.9 USD million2005: 38,011.1 USD million2006: 40,243.1 USD million2007: 41,399.7 USD million2008: 41,256.8 USD million2009: 40,046.5 USD million2010: 42,286.2 USD million2011: 43,273.7 USD million2012: 46,427.3 USD million2013: 47,303.5 USD million2014: 48,727.3 USD million2015: 51,394.8 USD million2016: 52,979.2 USD million2017: 54,008.5 USD million2018: 55,734.4 USD million2019: 59,721.7 USD million2020: 59,844.1 USD million2021: 64,520.4 USD million2022: 70,616.2 USD million2023: 76,184.3 USD million2024: 78,803.1 USD million
Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars, 2001 to 2024. USD million. Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP1: county GDP summary, current-dollar GDP (published in thousands of dollars, shown in millions).

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP1: county GDP summary, current-dollar GDP (published in thousands of dollars, shown in millions); Invokely, GDP in current dollars (BEA SAGDP2 and CAGDP1) divided by mid-year population (BEA SAINC1 and CAINC1); U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, CAGDP11: annual percent change in real GDP, all industry total, individual counties and county equivalents. Economy statistics and rankings

Prices and housing

Median home value in Jefferson County was $248,400 in 2024, up 4.7% from 2023, and the 11th highest of 120 counties in Kentucky.

Median home value$248,4002024Up 4.7% from 2023The 11th highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
County house price annual change, sales and refinances4.03%2025Down 2.1 percentage points from 2024The 25th lowest of 102 counties in Kentucky in 2022
Median gross rent (monthly)$1,1492024Up 4.7% from 2023The 5th highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Homeownership rate (US, housing units)62.1%2024Up 0.3 percentage points from 2023
Housing units authorized by building permits3,0012025, estimatedUp 4.8% from 2024
180K200K220K240K260K20212022202320242021: 190,700 USD2022: 222,200 USD2023: 237,200 USD2024: 248,400 USD
Median home value, 2021 to 2024. USD. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25077: median value (dollars), owner-occupied housing units.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25077: median value (dollars), owner-occupied housing units; Federal Housing Finance Agency, FHFA developmental all-transactions county house prices, published annual percent change, nominal, not seasonally adjusted; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25064: median gross rent (dollars), renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent; U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25003: owner-occupied housing units as a percentage of occupied housing units, calculated with stored inputs; U.S. Census Bureau, Building Permits Survey: final annual county estimates of new privately owned housing units authorized, including imputation. Housing statistics and rankings

Business and tourism

Employer firms in Jefferson County were 13,907 in 2023, up 0.3% from 2022, and the highest of 120 counties in Kentucky.

Employer firms13,9072023Up 0.3% from 2022The highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
Farms2642022No 2021 figure to compareThe 28th lowest of 120 counties in Kentucky
13.4K13.6K13.8K14K14.2K14.4K14.6K19992003200720112015201920231999: 14,464 count2000: 14,387 count2001: 14,450 count2002: 14,324 count2003: 14,303 count2004: 14,378 count2005: 14,373 count2006: 14,472 count2007: 14,491 count2008: 14,239 count2009: 13,996 count2010: 13,772 count2011: 13,584 count2012: 13,523 count2013: 13,506 count2014: 13,583 count2015: 13,581 count2016: 13,732 count2017: 13,719 count2018: 13,742 count2019: 13,834 count2020: 13,732 count2021: 13,746 count2022: 13,867 count2023: 13,907 count
Employer firms, 1999 to 2023. count. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics: employer firms, all covered industries, nation, states and counties.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Business Dynamics Statistics: employer firms, all covered industries, nation, states and counties; U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture: number of farms, nation, states and counties (1997 to 2022). Companies statistics and rankings

Energy and environment

Median Air Quality Index (US EPA) in Jefferson County was 49 in 2025, down 1 point from 2024, and the highest of 36 counties in Kentucky in 2004.

Median Air Quality Index (US EPA)492025Down 1 point from 2024The highest of 36 counties in Kentucky in 2004
Share of days with good air quality (US EPA AQI)51.5%2025Up 0.7 percentage points from 2024The lowest of 36 counties in Kentucky in 2004
Average annual temperature56.8 °F2025Down 2.2 °F from 2024Tied for the 48th highest of 120 counties in Kentucky
4050607020012005200920132017202120252001: 69 index2002: 65 index2003: 63 index2004: 61 index2005: 66 index2006: 62 index2007: 63 index2008: 59 index2009: 40 index2010: 45 index2011: 55 index2012: 58 index2013: 58 index2014: 58 index2015: 55 index2016: 54 index2017: 54 index2018: 54 index2019: 54 index2020: 52 index2021: 54 index2022: 53 index2023: 55 index2024: 50 index2025: 49 index
Median Air Quality Index (US EPA), 2001 to 2025. index. Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA AirData annual AQI by county: median daily AQI.

Sources: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA AirData annual AQI by county: median daily AQI; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA AirData annual AQI by county: good days as a share of days with an AQI, calculated with stored counts; NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, NOAA Climate at a Glance, January to December average temperature, counties. Environment and emissions statistics and rankings

Sources and citations

Each figure comes from the table cited here. Cite the publisher; these citations include any notice the publisher requires.

  1. U.S. Census Bureau. Annual estimates of the resident population for the United States, states and counties, 1 July (Population Estimates Program). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  2. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B01002: median age, total population. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b01002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  3. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program, county population by age and sex (cc-est agesex): residents aged 65 and over as a percentage of the total, 1 July; states and the nation summed from counties. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/counties/asrh/cc-est2025-agesex-all.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  4. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B05002: foreign-born population as a percentage of the total population, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b05002.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  5. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program resident population on 1 July divided by land area from the latest Census Gazetteer files, persons per km². https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  6. U.S. Census Bureau. Population Estimates Program: net domestic migration, states and counties, July 1 of the previous year to June 30 of the reported year; vintage 2020 files for 2011 to 2020 and the latest 2020s vintage from 2021. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/data-sets.html. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  7. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Local Area Unemployment Statistics: unemployment rate by county, not seasonally adjusted. https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/la/la.data.0.CurrentU25-29. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  8. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19013: median household income in the past 12 months. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b19013.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  9. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. CAINC1: county annual personal income summary, per capita personal income, current dollars, individual counties and county equivalents. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/CAINC1.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  10. U.S. Census Bureau. Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE): percent of people of all ages in poverty, states and counties. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/datasets/2024/2024-state-and-county/est24all.txt. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  11. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B19083: Gini index of household income inequality (coefficient multiplied by 100). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b19083.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-10.
  12. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. CAGDP1: county GDP summary, current-dollar GDP (published in thousands of dollars, shown in millions). https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/CAGDP1.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  13. Invokely calculation from GDP in current dollars (BEA SAGDP2 and CAGDP1) divided by mid-year population (BEA SAINC1 and CAINC1). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#gdp_per_capita_usd. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  14. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. CAGDP11: annual percent change in real GDP, all industry total, individual counties and county equivalents. https://apps.bea.gov/regional/zip/CAGDP11.zip. Retrieved 2026-10-08.
  15. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25077: median value (dollars), owner-occupied housing units. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b25077.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  16. Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). FHFA developmental all-transactions county house prices, published annual percent change, nominal, not seasonally adjusted. https://www.fhfa.gov/hpi/download/annual/hpi_at_county.xlsx. Retrieved 2026-10-10.
  17. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25064: median gross rent (dollars), renter-occupied housing units paying cash rent. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b25064.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  18. U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B25003: owner-occupied housing units as a percentage of occupied housing units, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2024/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2024-b25003.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-09.
  19. U.S. Census Bureau. Building Permits Survey: final annual county estimates of new privately owned housing units authorized, including imputation. https://www2.census.gov/econ/bps/County/co2025a.txt. Retrieved 2026-10-10.
  20. U.S. Census Bureau. Business Dynamics Statistics: employer firms, all covered industries, nation, states and counties. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/bds/tables/time-series/2023/bds2023_st_cty.csv. Retrieved 2026-10-11.
  21. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture. Census of Agriculture: number of farms, nation, states and counties (1997 to 2022). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.nass.usda.gov/AgCensus/. Retrieved 2026-10-11. Retrieved through Data Commons (https://datacommons.org).
  22. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System, AirData. EPA AirData annual AQI by county: median daily AQI. https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html#Annual. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  23. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Quality System, AirData. EPA AirData annual AQI by county: good days as a share of days with an AQI, calculated with stored counts. https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/download_files.html#Annual. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
  24. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Climate at a Glance. NOAA Climate at a Glance, January to December average temperature, counties. From the NOAA Monthly U.S. Climate Divisional Database (nClimDiv), doi:10.7289/V5M32STR. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/county/mapping. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

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