EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate, 2023
Latvia had the highest severe housing deprivation rate of 26 EU countries in 2023, at 11.6%. Malta had the lowest, at 0.5%. The median was 3.2% and the figure for the European Union (27) was 4%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.
Map of EU countries, 2023
- Under 1.8
- 1.8 to 2.8
- 2.8 to 4
- 4 to 5.8
- 5.8 and over
- No data
All EU countries, 2023
Full ranking
| Rank | EU countries | 2023 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Latvia | 11.6 |
| 2 | Romania | 9.6 |
| 3 | Greece | 6.9 |
| 4 | Bulgaria | 6 |
| 4 | Portugal | 6 |
| 6 | Italy | 5.8 |
| 7 | Hungary Estimated | 5.3 |
| 8 | France | 4.6 |
| 8 | Poland | 4.6 |
| 10 | Austria | 4.5 |
| 11 | Lithuania | 4 |
| 11 | Slovakia Estimated | 4 |
| 13 | Slovenia | 3.5 |
| 14 | Estonia Estimated | 2.9 |
| 14 | Spain Estimated | 2.9 |
| 16 | Croatia Estimated | 2.8 |
| 17 | Czechia Estimated | 2.6 |
| 18 | Sweden Estimated | 2.3 |
| 19 | Luxembourg Estimated | 2.2 |
| 20 | Germany Estimated | 1.9 |
| 21 | Denmark Estimated | 1.8 |
| 22 | Belgium | 1.7 |
| 23 | Netherlands Estimated | 1.3 |
| 24 | Cyprus Estimated | 1.2 |
| 25 | Finland Estimated | 1 |
| 26 | Malta | 0.5 |
Other periods
About this ranking
People living in an overcrowded dwelling that also has at least one housing deprivation problem (a leaking roof or damp walls, floors or foundations, or rot in window frames or floors; no bath or shower and no indoor flushing toilet; or a dwelling considered too dark), as a percentage of the total population.
A subset of the overcrowding rate (overcrowding_rate). Annual until 2020; since then Eurostat publishes it every three years (2020, 2023), so the latest value can be two or three years old. From the EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). Income refers to the previous calendar year in most countries. Eurostat flags series breaks; they are stored as status break.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. 1 EU countries with data in other periods have no value for 2023 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
Eurostat. Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.Citation styles
APA 7
Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a) (EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 18, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table
MLA 9
Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a), EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 21 May 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-housing-deprivation-rate/eu-countries. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.
Chicago (author-date)
Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a). EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 18, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-housing-deprivation-rate/eu-countries.
Harvard
Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a), EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-housing-deprivation-rate/eu-countries (Accessed: 18 October 2026).
BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_eu_countries_by_severe_2023,
author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
title = {{Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdho06a): EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate, 2023}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {Data set},
url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table},
urldate = {2026-10-18},
note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-housing-deprivation-rate/eu-countries. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc\_mdho06a). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc\_mdho06a/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.},
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - Eurostat, European Commission
TI - Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a): EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate, 2023
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/21
PB - Eurostat, European Commission
DB - Invokely
UR - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table
L2 - https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-housing-deprivation-rate/eu-countries
Y2 - 2026/10/18
N1 - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/severe-housing-deprivation-rate/eu-countries.
N1 - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/ilc_mdho06a/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-18.
ER -
Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Rank EU countries by severe housing deprivation rate using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"severe_housing_deprivation_rate","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=severe_housing_deprivation_rate&level=country&within=European%20Union%20(27)&limit=10Questions
Which EU country has the highest severe housing deprivation rate?
Latvia, with 11.6% in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.
Which EU country has the lowest severe housing deprivation rate?
Malta, with 0.5% in 2023.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Severe housing deprivation rate, total population (ilc_mdho06a). Retrieved 2026-10-18. 1 EU countries have no value for 2023 and are not ranked.