US states by prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction

Texas had the highest prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction of 50 states in 2016, at 163,703. Vermont had the lowest, at 1,735. The median was 19,148 and the figure for the United States was 1.51 million. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Highest163,703Texas

Lowest1,735Vermont

Median19,14850 states

United States1,508,129History

Map of states, 2016

Under 5,000
5,000 to 9,000
9,000 to 19K
19K to 27K
27K to 42K
42K and over
No data

count, 2016. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: BJS, National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2016

count. Source: BJS, National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2016 count	Change on 2015
1	Texas	163,703	-0.1%
2	California	130,084	+0.4%
3	Florida	99,974	-1.4%
4	Georgia	53,627	+2.7%
5	Ohio	52,175	-0.1%
6	New York	50,716	-2%
7	Pennsylvania	49,244	-1.2%
8	Illinois	43,657	-5.6%
9	Arizona	42,320	-0.9%
10	Michigan	41,122	-3.5%
11	Virginia	37,813	-1.5%
12	North Carolina	35,697	-2.5%
13	Louisiana	35,682	-1.9%
14	Missouri	32,461	+0.4%
15	Oklahoma	29,916	+4.8%
16	Alabama	28,883	-6.3%
17	Tennessee	28,203	+0.1%
18	Indiana	25,546	-6.6%
19	Wisconsin	23,377	+1.7%
20	Kentucky	23,022	+6.1%
21	South Carolina	20,858	-0.3%
22	Maryland	19,994	-3.7%
23	Colorado	19,981	-0.3%
24	New Jersey	19,786	-3.4%
25	Mississippi	19,192	+1.5%
26	Washington	19,104	+4.5%
27	Arkansas	17,537	-1%
28	Oregon	15,166	-0.5%
29	Connecticut	14,957	-5.4%
30	Nevada	13,757	+5.2%
31	Minnesota	10,592	-1.9%
32	Kansas	9,920	+0.6%
33	Massachusetts	9,403	-5.2%
34	Iowa	9,031	+2.1%
35	Idaho	8,252	+2.5%
36	West Virginia	7,162	+0.6%
37	New Mexico	7,055	-0.7%
38	Delaware	6,585	-1%
39	Utah	6,175	-4.9%
40	Hawaii	5,602	-4.7%
41	Nebraska	5,302	-1.3%
42	Alaska	4,434	-16.9%
43	South Dakota	3,831	+7.5%
44	Montana	3,814	+3.5%
45	Rhode Island	3,103	-4.5%
46	New Hampshire	2,818	-2.7%
47	Maine	2,404	+5.5%
48	Wyoming	2,374	-2.1%
49	North Dakota	1,791	-0.2%
50	Vermont	1,735	-0.9%

Other periods

About this ranking

Prisoners of any sentence status under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities on December 31. Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics.

Prisoners are counted by the jurisdiction with legal authority over them, wherever they are held, on December 31. The national figure adds the federal system to the states. Local jails are not included, except in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island and Vermont, which run one combined prison and jail system. Felons sentenced in the District of Columbia have been the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons since 2001, so the District has values only up to 2000.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. 1 states with data in other periods have no value for 2016 and are left out rather than filled from another source. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics. National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2026). National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables) (US states by prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, 2016) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables

MLA 9

National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables), US states by prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 20 Feb. 2026, https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/prisoners-under-jurisdiction/us-states?period=2016. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2026. National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). US states by prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, 2016. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/prisoners-under-jurisdiction/us-states?period=2016.

Harvard

Bureau of Justice Statistics (2026) National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables), US states by prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, 2016 [Dataset]. Available at: https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/prisoners-under-jurisdiction/us-states?period=2016 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{bureau_us_states_by_prisoners_2016,
  author = {{Bureau of Justice Statistics}},
  title = {{National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables): US states by prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, 2016}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/prisoners-under-jurisdiction/us-states?period=2016. Publisher attribution: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics. National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Bureau of Justice Statistics
TI  - National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables): US states by prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, 2016
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/02/20
PB  - Bureau of Justice Statistics
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/prisoners-under-jurisdiction/us-states?period=2016
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/prisoners-under-jurisdiction/us-states?period=2016.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics. National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/prisoners-2023-statistical-tables. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction?

Texas, with 163,703 in 2016, according to Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Which state has the lowest prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction?

Vermont, with 1,735 in 2016.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Prisoner Statistics: prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities, total (CSAT quick table and Prisoners in YYYY statistical tables). Retrieved 2026-10-12. 1 states have no value for 2016 and are not ranked.