Countries by primary energy production

China had the highest primary energy production of 217 countries in 2023, at 127.006 quadrillion Btu. Western Sahara had the lowest, at 0 quadrillion Btu. The median was 0.04 quadrillion Btu. Source: the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Highest127.006China

Lowest0Western Sahara

Median0.04217 countries

Top 40 countries, 2023

quadrillion Btu. Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics: total energy production, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-1-QBTU.A) via Data Commons. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Full ranking

Rank	Countries	2023 quadrillion Btu	Change on 2022
1	China	127.006	+2.4%
2	United States	102.688	+4%
3	Russia	59.314	-2.8%
4	Saudi Arabia	27.956	-6.8%
5	Canada	22.007	+2.1%
6	India	21.603	+10.4%
7	Indonesia	19.659	+8.7%
8	Iran	18.886	+8%
9	Australia	17.186	-3.5%
10	Brazil	11.824	+9.1%
11	United Arab Emirates	11.477	+1.6%
12	Qatar	9.955	+1%
13	Iraq	9.782	-2.4%
14	Norway	9.145	+0.1%
15	Kazakhstan	7.964	+3.4%
16	Kuwait	6.869	-2.4%
17	Algeria	6.833	+1.3%
18	Mexico	6.199	+4.1%
19	South Africa	5.491	-2.1%
20	Nigeria	4.628	+3.7%
21	Malaysia	4.273	-0.9%
22	France	3.956	+14.9%
23	United Kingdom	3.777	-11.4%
24	Oman	3.771	+0.6%
25	Colombia	3.675	-4.9%
26	Egypt	3.619	-7.4%
27	Turkmenistan	3.592	-2.3%
28	Argentina	3.491	+1.6%
29	Germany	3.051	-15.5%
30	Libya	3.036	+11.9%
31	Venezuela	2.918	+5.5%
32	Angola	2.738	-0.3%
33	Azerbaijan	2.656	-1.8%
34	Vietnam	2.439	+4.9%
35	Japan	2.052	+18.7%
36	Thailand	1.957	-2.9%
37	South Korea	1.937	+3.5%
38	Uzbekistan	1.931	+1.3%
39	Poland	1.835	-9.9%
40	Ukraine	1.667	-4.3%
41	Pakistan	1.66	+1.1%
42	Mongolia	1.605	+112.5%
43	Türkiye	1.323	-1.1%
44	Ecuador	1.151	-0.8%
45	Spain	1.111	+2.1%
46	Bahrain	1.103	+3.9%
47	Trinidad and Tobago	1.1	-4.4%
48	Peru	0.962	+3.5%
49	Sweden	0.952	-6.5%
50	Israel	0.938	+15.6%
51	Bangladesh	0.895	-0.1%
52	Czechia	0.818	-8.3%
53	Netherlands	0.8	-17.9%
54	Italy	0.795	+1.2%
55	Romania	0.789	-1%
56	Mozambique	0.72	+45.9%
57	Republic of the Congo	0.613	-4.9%
58	North Korea	0.592	+1.2%
59	Bolivia	0.57	-12.2%
60	Myanmar	0.569	-10.1%
61	Brunei	0.562	-3.8%
62	Finland	0.562	+17.2%
63	Ghana	0.498	-1.2%
64	Papua New Guinea	0.497	-3.7%
65	Philippines	0.49	-6.1%
66	Belgium	0.465	-18.1%
67	Gabon	0.459	+3.6%
68	Equatorial Guinea	0.443	-18%
69	Switzerland	0.417	+8.5%
70	Bulgaria	0.373	-21.2%
71	New Zealand	0.36	+2.4%
72	Laos	0.359	+11.1%
73	Denmark	0.344	-2.9%
74	Hungary	0.341	+0.7%
75	Serbia	0.314	-0.7%
76	Taiwan	0.299	-11.8%
77	Chile	0.29	+10.3%
78	Chad	0.283	+13.2%
79	Austria	0.283	+6.6%
80	Syria	0.278	-19.3%
81	Slovakia	0.25	+5.4%
82	Cameroon	0.249	-0.6%
83	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.21	-6.6%
84	Belarus	0.195	+54.5%
85	Côte d’Ivoire	0.176	+2%
86	Sudan	0.167	+3%
87	Paraguay	0.163	+0.5%
88	Portugal	0.148	+14.7%
89	Tanzania	0.145	+0.6%
90	Greece	0.142	-11.6%
91	Tunisia	0.129	-3.9%
92	Tajikistan	0.126	+6.7%
93	Zimbabwe	0.119	+6%
94	Kyrgyzstan	0.111	+1.7%
95	Cuba	0.109	+0.5%
96	Zambia	0.108	+37.4%
97	Slovenia	0.104	+9.6%
98	Ireland	0.098	-9.7%
99	Democratic Republic of the Congo	0.094	-3.3%
100	Croatia	0.092	+8.5%
101	Albania	0.072	+8.6%
102	Ethiopia	0.072	+20.4%
103	Singapore	0.07	+1%
104	Guatemala	0.068	-10.2%
105	Iceland	0.068	-0.3%
106	Uruguay	0.059	-4.8%
107	Botswana	0.05	-15.5%
108	Georgia	0.041	-3.4%
109	Costa Rica	0.04	-5.9%
110	Kenya	0.04	-0.1%
111	Bhutan	0.038	-5%
112	Armenia	0.038	-11%
113	Nepal	0.037	-0.2%
114	Niger	0.036	-1.8%
115	Suriname	0.035	-2.2%
116	Morocco	0.034	+16.5%
117	Yemen	0.034	-67.7%
118	Sri Lanka	0.031	+5.9%
119	North Macedonia	0.03	-12%
120	Timor-Leste	0.029	-77.3%
121	Honduras	0.028	+0.9%
122	Panama	0.027	-16%
123	Montenegro	0.027	+17.3%
124	El Salvador	0.025	+0.2%
125	Jordan	0.025	+3.5%
126	Lithuania	0.024	+17.1%
127	Latvia	0.024	+18.6%
128	Uganda	0.022	0%
129	Cambodia	0.021	-14.7%
130	Estonia	0.02	+12.6%
131	Afghanistan	0.018	-81.3%
132	Dominican Republic	0.016	+3.4%
133	Nicaragua	0.014	+1.1%
134	Guinea	0.01	0%
135	Eswatini	0.01	+15.5%
136	Lebanon	0.007	+7%
137	Senegal	0.006	-0.7%
138	Malawi	0.006	-15.2%
139	Namibia	0.006	+42.6%
140	Luxembourg	0.005	-14.4%
141	Rwanda	0.005	+17.7%
142	Mali	0.004	-33.9%
143	Cyprus	0.004	+19.6%
144	Madagascar	0.004	+16.5%
145	Belize	0.004	+71.4%
146	Puerto Rico	0.004	+0.5%
147	Mauritius	0.004	+0.9%
148	Fiji	0.003	+28.4%
149	New Caledonia	0.003	0%
150	Barbados	0.003	+51.3%
151	Jamaica	0.002	-0%
152	Moldova	0.002	+12.8%
153	Hong Kong	0.002	+6.3%
154	Macao	0.002	+6.5%
155	Greenland	0.002	+12.9%
156	Mauritania	0.002	0%
157	Burkina Faso	0.001	+2.4%
158	Lesotho	0.001	-16.2%
159	Burundi	0.001	+41.1%
160	Liberia	0.001	+165%
161	Palestine	0.001	0%
162	Malta	0.001	+9%
163	French Polynesia	0.001	0%
164	Faroe Islands	0.001	+1.1%
165	Sierra Leone	0.001	+7.5%
166	Togo	0.001	+4.9%
167	Haiti	0.001	0%
168	Aruba	0.001	0%
169	Cape Verde	0	0%
170	Guam	0	0%
171	Central African Republic	0	0%
172	Seychelles	0	0%
173	Samoa	0	-11.1%
174	Guyana	0	-3.6%
175	Somalia	0	0%
176	Djibouti	0	-0.3%
177	Maldives	0	-0%
178	Eritrea	0	0%
179	Benin	0	+82.4%
180	Dominica	0	-0.9%
181	Antigua and Barbuda	0	0%
181	Cayman Islands	0	+1.8%
183	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	0%
184	Vanuatu	0	+5.2%
185	Bahamas	0	0%
186	U.S. Virgin Islands	0	+2.5%
187	Solomon Islands	0	+2.5%
188	Bermuda	0	+0.7%
189	Cook Islands	0	0%
190	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0%
191	Saint Lucia	0	0%
191	Tonga	0	0%
193	Kiribati	0	0%
193	São Tomé and Príncipe	0	0%
195	American Samoa	0	-0.9%
195	Falkland Islands	0	0%
195	Gambia	0	0%
195	Nauru	0	+9%
195	Turks and Caicos Islands	0	0%
200	Grenada	0	0%
201	British Virgin Islands	0	0%
202	Guinea-Bissau	0	0%
203	Montserrat	0	0%
204	Antarctica	0	n/a
204	Comoros	0	n/a
204	French Guiana	0	n/a
204	Gibraltar	0	n/a
204	Guadeloupe	0	n/a
204	Martinique	0	n/a
204	Micronesia	0	n/a
204	Niue	0	n/a
204	Northern Mariana Islands	0	n/a
204	Réunion	0	n/a
204	Saint Helena	0	n/a
204	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	n/a
204	Tuvalu	0	n/a
204	Western Sahara	0	n/a

Other periods

About this ranking

Total primary energy produced in the country in the year (coal, natural gas, crude oil and other liquids, nuclear, and renewable and other sources), in quadrillion British thermal units, as estimated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in its International Energy Statistics.

Countries only. Production above consumption marks a net energy exporter, such as Saudi Arabia or Canada. Countries without domestic energy sources show 0.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. International Energy Statistics: total energy production, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-1-QBTU.A). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

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Questions

Which country has the highest primary energy production?

China, with 127.006 quadrillion Btu in 2023, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Which country has the lowest primary energy production?

Western Sahara, with 0 quadrillion Btu in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics: total energy production, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-1-QBTU.A). Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Primary energy production: other rankings

EU countries