Countries by primary energy production

China had the highest primary energy production of 217 countries in 2021, at 122.788 quadrillion Btu. Western Sahara had the lowest, at 0 quadrillion Btu. The median was 0.054 quadrillion Btu. Source: the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Highest122.788China

Lowest0Western Sahara

Median0.054217 countries

Top 40 countries, 2021

quadrillion Btu. Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics: total energy production, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-1-QBTU.A) via Data Commons. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Full ranking

Rank	Countries	2021 quadrillion Btu	Change on 2020
1	China	122.788	+4.8%
2	United States	93.933	+2.2%
3	Russia	64.073	+6.4%
4	Saudi Arabia	26.756	-1%
5	Canada	20.826	+3.2%
6	Australia	17.677	-3.9%
7	India	17.618	+6.6%
8	Iran	16.854	+7.7%
9	Indonesia	16.799	+5.9%
10	Brazil	10.317	-2.3%
11	United Arab Emirates	9.816	+0.3%
12	Qatar	9.763	+0.9%
13	Iraq	9.166	+0.6%
14	Norway	9.044	+1.9%
15	Kazakhstan	7.315	-1.7%
16	Algeria	6.751	+12.8%
17	Kuwait	6.347	-1.2%
18	Mexico	5.769	+0.6%
19	South Africa	5.342	-4.9%
20	Nigeria	5.072	-11.7%
21	France	4.322	+5.8%
22	United Kingdom	4.171	-14.2%
23	Malaysia	4.033	+3.4%
24	Egypt	4.015	+6.4%
25	Colombia	3.864	+3.7%
26	Oman	3.477	+4.4%
27	Turkmenistan	3.463	+1.9%
28	Germany	3.296	+5.6%
29	Argentina	3.151	+3.6%
30	Libya	3.1	+143%
31	Azerbaijan	2.693	+11.7%
32	Angola	2.689	-11.4%
33	Venezuela	2.392	+10.4%
34	Ukraine	2.34	+5.3%
35	Vietnam	2.332	+5.4%
36	Thailand	2.301	-4.1%
37	Poland	2.146	+3.6%
38	Uzbekistan	1.957	+7.9%
39	Japan	1.817	+18.3%
40	South Korea	1.679	-0.7%
41	Pakistan	1.512	-2.9%
42	Türkiye	1.35	+6%
43	Ecuador	1.146	-1.2%
44	Trinidad and Tobago	1.107	-14.5%
45	Spain	1.082	+2.1%
46	Netherlands	1.079	-3.9%
47	Bahrain	1.071	+1.9%
48	Sweden	1	+5.9%
49	Bangladesh	0.934	-2.1%
50	Italy	0.87	-6.6%
51	Peru	0.849	-3.3%
52	Czechia	0.841	+1.1%
53	Romania	0.811	+2.3%
54	Myanmar	0.724	+1.1%
55	Israel	0.709	+25.4%
56	Bolivia	0.708	+6.7%
57	Brunei	0.647	-6.8%
58	Mongolia	0.642	-30.1%
59	Belgium	0.627	+32.2%
60	Republic of the Congo	0.62	-5.9%
61	North Korea	0.594	-15.1%
62	Philippines	0.541	+2.4%
63	Mozambique	0.534	+18.1%
64	Equatorial Guinea	0.531	+1.1%
65	Ghana	0.524	-5.4%
66	Papua New Guinea	0.498	-5%
67	Finland	0.468	+8.8%
68	Bulgaria	0.43	+15%
69	Gabon	0.398	0%
70	Serbia	0.375	-5.4%
71	Taiwan	0.367	-7.1%
72	New Zealand	0.366	-4.5%
73	Switzerland	0.356	-12.3%
74	Denmark	0.35	+3.4%
75	Hungary	0.341	-1%
76	Syria	0.332	+49.1%
77	Laos	0.325	+4.8%
78	Austria	0.28	-2%
79	Cameroon	0.253	-3.7%
80	Timor-Leste	0.249	-10.1%
81	Chad	0.24	-14.3%
82	Slovakia	0.24	+7.7%
83	Chile	0.239	-1.1%
84	Côte d’Ivoire	0.169	-3.3%
85	Sudan	0.153	-2.7%
86	Paraguay	0.15	-12.8%
87	Tunisia	0.147	+23.5%
88	Greece	0.147	+2.6%
89	Belarus	0.143	+62.6%
90	Portugal	0.141	+3%
91	Bosnia and Herzegovina	0.124	+12.5%
92	Yemen	0.121	-2.6%
93	Cuba	0.115	-6.4%
94	Tajikistan	0.113	+2.8%
95	Ireland	0.107	-17.9%
96	Slovenia	0.105	-11.1%
97	Zimbabwe	0.103	+27.6%
98	Democratic Republic of the Congo	0.096	+3.9%
99	Croatia	0.09	+2.4%
100	Kyrgyzstan	0.089	-11.7%
101	Tanzania	0.087	+12.7%
102	Zambia	0.083	+15%
103	Guatemala	0.078	+16.7%
104	Albania	0.072	+17.6%
105	Iceland	0.066	+2.6%
106	Uruguay	0.064	+5%
107	Singapore	0.063	+0.9%
108	Afghanistan	0.057	+35.8%
109	Ethiopia	0.054	+1%
110	Costa Rica	0.044	+8.5%
111	Botswana	0.044	+5.7%
112	Bhutan	0.04	-3.4%
113	Kenya	0.039	+2.1%
114	Georgia	0.039	+25%
115	Suriname	0.038	-4.5%
116	Niger	0.037	-1.1%
117	Nepal	0.033	+54.7%
118	Panama	0.032	+14.5%
119	Morocco	0.032	+9.9%
120	North Macedonia	0.031	-13.8%
121	Armenia	0.03	-17.1%
122	Sri Lanka	0.03	+45.2%
123	Honduras	0.028	+21.6%
124	Jordan	0.024	+26.6%
125	El Salvador	0.024	+4.1%
126	Montenegro	0.024	+10.2%
127	Cambodia	0.021	+32.8%
128	Estonia	0.02	-2.1%
129	Lithuania	0.02	-4.7%
130	Latvia	0.02	-1.4%
131	Uganda	0.019	+16.8%
132	Nicaragua	0.015	+13.7%
133	Dominican Republic	0.014	+21.8%
134	Guinea	0.009	+76%
135	Malawi	0.008	+2.2%
136	Senegal	0.007	+12.5%
137	Luxembourg	0.006	+2.2%
138	Mali	0.006	-3.6%
139	Eswatini	0.005	+1%
140	Namibia	0.005	-24.2%
141	Rwanda	0.004	+5.1%
142	Mauritius	0.004	-8.1%
143	Lebanon	0.003	-21.6%
144	Puerto Rico	0.003	+17.6%
145	Madagascar	0.003	-5.3%
146	Cyprus	0.003	+24.4%
147	Fiji	0.003	-5.5%
148	Jamaica	0.002	-0.8%
149	New Caledonia	0.002	+28.7%
150	Macao	0.002	+10.4%
151	Belize	0.002	-67.6%
152	Lesotho	0.002	+24.6%
153	Barbados	0.002	-36%
154	Moldova	0.002	+20.3%
155	Hong Kong	0.002	+16.7%
156	Mauritania	0.002	-3.4%
157	Burkina Faso	0.002	-0.1%
158	Greenland	0.002	+0.9%
159	Malta	0.001	+8.6%
160	Burundi	0.001	-5%
161	Palestine	0.001	+25.7%
162	Sierra Leone	0.001	0%
163	French Polynesia	0.001	-6.9%
164	Faroe Islands	0.001	+14.1%
165	Aruba	0.001	0%
166	Togo	0.001	+74.5%
167	Central African Republic	0.001	0%
168	Haiti	0	-6.7%
169	Liberia	0	0%
170	Samoa	0	+15.3%
171	Guyana	0	+40.5%
172	Guam	0	+3.6%
173	Cape Verde	0	+13.7%
174	Seychelles	0	+20%
175	Djibouti	0	+6,920%
176	Maldives	0	+21%
177	Eritrea	0	-3.9%
178	Somalia	0	+17.5%
179	Cayman Islands	0	+10%
180	Dominica	0	+5%
181	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	-19.2%
182	Antigua and Barbuda	0	+21.9%
183	Vanuatu	0	-12.7%
184	Benin	0	+140.8%
184	U.S. Virgin Islands	0	+22.1%
186	Cook Islands	0	+22.3%
187	Bermuda	0	0%
188	Solomon Islands	0	0%
189	Bahamas	0	+57.1%
189	Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0%
191	Tonga	0	-18.2%
192	Saint Lucia	0	0%
193	Kiribati	0	0%
193	São Tomé and Príncipe	0	0%
195	American Samoa	0	0%
195	Gambia	0	0%
197	Grenada	0	0%
198	British Virgin Islands	0	0%
198	Falkland Islands	0	0%
198	Turks and Caicos Islands	0	+300%
201	Nauru	0	+23.3%
202	Guinea-Bissau	0	0%
203	Montserrat	0	n/a
204	Antarctica	0	n/a
204	Comoros	0	n/a
204	French Guiana	0	n/a
204	Gibraltar	0	n/a
204	Guadeloupe	0	n/a
204	Martinique	0	n/a
204	Micronesia	0	n/a
204	Niue	0	n/a
204	Northern Mariana Islands	0	n/a
204	Réunion	0	n/a
204	Saint Helena	0	n/a
204	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	n/a
204	Tuvalu	0	n/a
204	Western Sahara	0	n/a

Other periods

About this ranking

Total primary energy produced in the country in the year (coal, natural gas, crude oil and other liquids, nuclear, and renewable and other sources), in quadrillion British thermal units, as estimated by the U.S. Energy Information Administration in its International Energy Statistics.

Countries only. Production above consumption marks a net energy exporter, such as Saudi Arabia or Canada. Countries without domestic energy sources show 0.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration. International Energy Statistics: total energy production, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-1-QBTU.A). Retrieved through Data Commons (datacommons.org). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world. Retrieved 2026-10-11.

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Questions

Which country has the highest primary energy production?

China, with 122.788 quadrillion Btu in 2021, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

Which country has the lowest primary energy production?

Western Sahara, with 0 quadrillion Btu in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics: total energy production, quadrillion Btu (series INTL.44-1-QBTU.A). Retrieved 2026-10-11.

Primary energy production: other rankings

EU countries