Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)
Bovera had the highest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain) of 939 municipalities in 2023, at 40.1%. Castell de l'Areny had the lowest, at 1.5%. The median was 12.1% and the figure for Catalonia was 13.4%. Source: INE.
Top 40 municipalities, 2023
Full ranking
| Rank | Municipalities | 2023 (%) | Change on 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bovera | 40.1 | -0.6 pts |
| 2 | La Fatarella | 28.2 | -1.9 pts |
| 3 | Salt | 27.2 | -0.5 pts |
| 4 | Vilanova de Meià | 26.7 | +2.7 pts |
| 5 | Vilalba dels Arcs | 26.1 | -1.8 pts |
| 6 | Batea | 25.9 | -1.5 pts |
| 7 | Seròs | 25.8 | -0.7 pts |
| 8 | El Perelló | 25.6 | -1.4 pts |
| 9 | Aspa | 25.3 | +0.5 pts |
| 10 | Barbens | 25.1 | -1.9 pts |
| 11 | Gavet de la Conca | 25 | -1.3 pts |
| 12 | El Masroig | 24.8 | -1.3 pts |
| 13 | Almatret | 24.4 | +1.6 pts |
| 14 | Riba-roja d'Ebre | 24.2 | -0.8 pts |
| 15 | Sant Pere Pescador | 24.2 | +0.2 pts |
| 16 | Guissona | 24.1 | -1 pts |
| 17 | Aitona | 24.1 | -0.4 pts |
| 18 | La Jonquera | 24 | -1 pts |
| 19 | La Galera | 23.9 | -1.7 pts |
| 20 | Bot | 23.9 | -1.2 pts |
| 21 | Nalec | 23.8 | +0.3 pts |
| 22 | Rasquera | 23.5 | -0.8 pts |
| 23 | El Soleràs | 23.3 | -0.9 pts |
| 24 | Castellnou de Seana | 23.1 | -0.6 pts |
| 25 | Aldover | 23.1 | -1.3 pts |
| 26 | Maials | 23.1 | -1.6 pts |
| 27 | Benifallet | 23.1 | -1.5 pts |
| 28 | Sant Esteve de la Sarga | 23 | -1.6 pts |
| 29 | Juncosa | 22.9 | -1.1 pts |
| 30 | Besalú | 22.9 | -1.5 pts |
| 31 | La Granadella | 22.8 | +1.3 pts |
| 32 | Sant Hilari Sacalm | 22.7 | -0.8 pts |
| 33 | L'Aldea | 22.6 | -0.3 pts |
| 34 | La Pobla de Massaluca | 22.6 | +0.7 pts |
| 35 | Guimerà | 22.6 | -1.5 pts |
| 36 | Ginestar | 22.3 | -0.3 pts |
| 37 | Cardona | 21.8 | -1.1 pts |
| 38 | Figueres | 21.8 | -0.1 pts |
| 39 | Castelló d'Empúries | 21.8 | -0.7 pts |
| 40 | Alfarràs | 21.3 | -0.5 pts |
| 41 | El Pinell de Brai | 21.2 | +0.1 pts |
| 42 | La Palma d'Ebre | 21.2 | -2.2 pts |
| 43 | Sant Martí de Riucorb | 21.2 | -1.5 pts |
| 44 | Ullà | 21.1 | -1.8 pts |
| 45 | Santa Coloma de Gramenet | 21 | -0.9 pts |
| 46 | Almacelles | 21 | -0.4 pts |
| 47 | Ulldemolins | 20.9 | +0.1 pts |
| 48 | Bellprat | 20.9 | +0.6 pts |
| 49 | L'Ametlla de Mar | 20.8 | -1.3 pts |
| 50 | Flix | 20.7 | -0.4 pts |
| 51 | Olot | 20.7 | -0.2 pts |
| 52 | Bellvís | 20.7 | -1.5 pts |
| 53 | El Pont d'Armentera | 20.6 | -0.7 pts |
| 54 | Prat de Comte | 20.6 | +1.8 pts |
| 55 | Penelles | 20.6 | -0.9 pts |
| 56 | Camarles | 20.5 | -1 pts |
| 57 | Torregrossa | 20.5 | -1.4 pts |
| 58 | Roses | 20.5 | -0.2 pts |
| 59 | Canovelles | 20.4 | -0.9 pts |
| 60 | Arbúcies | 20.4 | -1 pts |
| 61 | Cabanabona | 20.3 | -1.3 pts |
| 62 | Coll de Nargó | 20.3 | -2.1 pts |
| 63 | Llardecans | 20.3 | -0.8 pts |
| 64 | Arnes | 20.2 | -2.6 pts |
| 65 | Canejan | 20.2 | -0.7 pts |
| 66 | La Pobla de Lillet | 20.1 | -1.5 pts |
| 67 | Abella de la Conca | 20.1 | +1.6 pts |
| 68 | Ulldecona | 20.1 | +0.3 pts |
| 69 | Pinell de Solsonès | 20 | -2.7 pts |
| 70 | Anglès | 20 | -1.3 pts |
| 71 | Albesa | 19.9 | -0.7 pts |
| 72 | Tivenys | 19.9 | -0.1 pts |
| 73 | Ivorra | 19.8 | -1.9 pts |
| 74 | Tremp | 19.7 | -0.1 pts |
| 75 | Ascó | 19.6 | -0.3 pts |
| 76 | Portbou | 19.5 | -0.2 pts |
| 77 | Manlleu | 19.5 | -0.8 pts |
| 78 | Ponts | 19.3 | +1.3 pts |
| 79 | Palafrugell | 19.2 | -0.7 pts |
| 80 | Sant Feliu de Pallerols | 19.2 | +1.7 pts |
| 81 | Garcia | 19.1 | +0.1 pts |
| 82 | L'Ampolla | 19.1 | -1.5 pts |
| 83 | Sant Guim de Freixenet | 19.1 | -0.9 pts |
| 84 | Arbeca | 19.1 | -1.5 pts |
| 85 | Llimiana | 19 | +0.1 pts |
| 86 | Santa Coloma de Farners | 19 | -0.9 pts |
| 87 | L'Hospitalet de Llobregat | 19 | -0.4 pts |
| 88 | La Granja d'Escarp | 19 | +1.5 pts |
| 89 | Vallbona de les Monges | 18.9 | -0.2 pts |
| 90 | Artesa de Segre | 18.9 | -0.4 pts |
| 91 | Almenar | 18.8 | -1.5 pts |
| 92 | Masdenverge | 18.8 | -1.7 pts |
| 93 | Sant Jaume d'Enveja | 18.8 | -1.1 pts |
| 94 | La Portella | 18.7 | -4.1 pts |
| 95 | Vallfogona de Riucorb | 18.7 | -4 pts |
| 96 | La Llagosta | 18.7 | -0.8 pts |
| 97 | Alcarràs | 18.6 | -0.5 pts |
| 98 | Torrelameu | 18.5 | -0.5 pts |
| 99 | Cervià de les Garrigues | 18.5 | -1.6 pts |
| 100 | Benissanet | 18.5 | -1.4 pts |
| 101 | La Bisbal d'Empordà | 18.5 | -0.6 pts |
| 102 | Els Omells de na Gaia | 18.4 | -0.6 pts |
| 103 | Bellmunt del Priorat | 18.3 | +0.7 pts |
| 104 | Llagostera | 18.3 | -0.9 pts |
| 105 | Constantí | 18.3 | -0.8 pts |
| 106 | Estaràs | 18.2 | +1.9 pts |
| 107 | L'Arboç | 18.2 | -0.4 pts |
| 108 | Bellpuig | 18.1 | -1.1 pts |
| 109 | Vilanova de la Barca | 18.1 | -2.1 pts |
| 110 | Freginals | 18.1 | -1.1 pts |
| 111 | Alguaire | 18 | -0.7 pts |
| 112 | Pratdip | 18 | -0.6 pts |
| 113 | Gandesa | 18 | -1.3 pts |
| 114 | Santa Margarida de Montbui | 18 | -0.7 pts |
| 115 | Juneda | 18 | -1.7 pts |
| 116 | Preixens | 18 | -0.6 pts |
| 117 | La Cellera de Ter | 17.9 | -1.7 pts |
| 118 | Santa Bàrbara | 17.9 | -0.8 pts |
| 119 | Cervera | 17.9 | -0.5 pts |
| 120 | L'Escala | 17.8 | -1.2 pts |
| 121 | Vilamacolum | 17.8 | -4 pts |
| 122 | Solivella | 17.7 | -0.8 pts |
| 123 | Riudoms | 17.7 | -0.9 pts |
| 124 | Sant Boi de Lluçanès | 17.7 | -1 pts |
| 125 | Les Oluges | 17.6 | -1.3 pts |
| 126 | La Vansa i Fórnols | 17.5 | +3.2 pts |
| 126 | Tornabous | 17.5 | -1.1 pts |
| 128 | Bellaguarda | 17.5 | -1.9 pts |
| 129 | Puig-reig | 17.5 | -0.4 pts |
| 130 | Torres de Segre | 17.5 | +0.1 pts |
| 131 | Anglesola | 17.5 | -1.4 pts |
| 132 | Oliana | 17.4 | -1 pts |
| 133 | Tortosa | 17.4 | -0.3 pts |
| 134 | Odèn | 17.4 | -1.8 pts |
| 135 | Gironella | 17.4 | -1.3 pts |
| 136 | Corbera d'Ebre | 17.3 | +1.1 pts |
| 137 | Sant Feliu de Guíxols | 17.3 | -0.3 pts |
| 138 | Martorell | 17.3 | -1.2 pts |
| 139 | Ripoll | 17.3 | -0.4 pts |
| 140 | Sant Quintí de Mediona | 17.3 | -1.3 pts |
| 141 | El Cogul | 17.2 | -0.6 pts |
| 141 | Ivars d'Urgell | 17.2 | -0.1 pts |
| 141 | Llançà | 17.2 | -0.9 pts |
| 144 | Balaguer | 17.2 | -0.2 pts |
| 145 | Solsona | 17.1 | -0.7 pts |
| 146 | L'Albagés | 17 | +0.8 pts |
| 147 | Mollerussa | 17 | -0 pts |
| 148 | Els Prats de Rei | 17 | -1 pts |
| 148 | Margalef | 17 | -0.2 pts |
| 150 | La Torre de l'Espanyol | 16.9 | +0.1 pts |
| 151 | Sant Vicenç de Castellet | 16.9 | -0.8 pts |
| 152 | Alcanar | 16.9 | -0.5 pts |
| 153 | La Riba | 16.8 | +0.1 pts |
| 154 | Sant Miquel de Fluvià | 16.8 | +0.6 pts |
| 155 | Castelldans | 16.8 | -1.4 pts |
| 156 | Borredà | 16.7 | -0 pts |
| 157 | Flaçà | 16.7 | -0.8 pts |
| 158 | Menàrguens | 16.7 | -1 pts |
| 159 | La Pobla de Segur | 16.7 | -1.1 pts |
| 160 | Mollet de Peralada | 16.7 | 0 pts |
| 160 | Sant Ramon | 16.7 | -1.7 pts |
| 160 | Vallcebre | 16.7 | -0.5 pts |
| 160 | Verges | 16.7 | -0.9 pts |
| 164 | Sant Adrià de Besòs | 16.6 | -0.8 pts |
| 165 | Pineda de Mar | 16.6 | -0.7 pts |
| 166 | Sant Pau de Segúries | 16.6 | -1 pts |
| 167 | Amposta | 16.6 | +0.2 pts |
| 168 | Les Planes d'Hostoles | 16.6 | -1.5 pts |
| 169 | Sanaüja | 16.5 | -2.2 pts |
| 170 | Guixers | 16.5 | -1.7 pts |
| 171 | Soses | 16.5 | -0.9 pts |
| 172 | Badia del Vallès | 16.5 | -0.8 pts |
| 172 | Preixana | 16.5 | -0.5 pts |
| 174 | Sarral | 16.5 | -0.6 pts |
| 175 | Banyoles | 16.5 | -0.8 pts |
| 176 | Horta de Sant Joan | 16.5 | -0.4 pts |
| 177 | El Poal | 16.5 | -0.9 pts |
| 178 | Paüls | 16.4 | -2.3 pts |
| 179 | Pau | 16.4 | -1.5 pts |
| 180 | Mataró | 16.4 | -0.7 pts |
| 181 | Sant Joan les Fonts | 16.4 | -0.9 pts |
| 182 | Àger | 16.3 | -1.1 pts |
| 183 | Sant Quirze de Besora | 16.3 | -1.6 pts |
| 184 | Vilanova del Camí | 16.3 | -0.6 pts |
| 185 | Mollet del Vallès | 16.3 | -0.1 pts |
| 186 | Santa Oliva | 16.3 | -0.4 pts |
| 187 | Bassella | 16.2 | +0.4 pts |
| 188 | Móra la Nova | 16.2 | -0.1 pts |
| 189 | Camarasa | 16.2 | -0.9 pts |
| 190 | Salomó | 16.2 | -0.8 pts |
| 191 | Badalona | 16.2 | -0.8 pts |
| 192 | Sant Joan de Vilatorrada | 16.1 | -0.5 pts |
| 193 | Sunyer | 16.1 | +1 pts |
| 194 | Amer | 16.1 | -0.5 pts |
| 195 | Creixell | 16.1 | -1.2 pts |
| 196 | Montmeló | 16.1 | -0.4 pts |
| 197 | Vilamalla | 16.1 | -1.1 pts |
| 198 | Cunit | 16.1 | -0.7 pts |
| 199 | Sant Feliu Sasserra | 16 | -1.7 pts |
| 200 | Roquetes | 16 | -0.7 pts |
| 200 | Sudanell | 16 | -0.6 pts |
| 202 | Cornellà de Llobregat | 16 | -0.9 pts |
| 203 | Vinebre | 15.9 | -0.3 pts |
| 204 | Bellcaire d'Urgell | 15.9 | -0.8 pts |
| 205 | Reus | 15.9 | -0.2 pts |
| 206 | Montornès del Vallès | 15.9 | -0.6 pts |
| 207 | Sant Julià del Llor i Bonmatí | 15.9 | -0.8 pts |
| 208 | Móra d'Ebre | 15.9 | -1 pts |
| 209 | Cercs | 15.9 | -2.1 pts |
| 210 | Isona i Conca Dellà | 15.9 | -1.2 pts |
| 211 | Linyola | 15.8 | -0.8 pts |
| 212 | Prats de Lluçanès | 15.8 | -0.8 pts |
| 213 | Calaf | 15.8 | -0.6 pts |
| 214 | Sant Joan de les Abadesses | 15.8 | -0.7 pts |
| 215 | Maià de Montcal | 15.8 | +0.5 pts |
| 216 | Cassà de la Selva | 15.8 | -0.7 pts |
| 217 | Pira | 15.7 | -0.2 pts |
| 218 | Vic | 15.7 | -0.6 pts |
| 219 | Els Omellons | 15.6 | +0.1 pts |
| 220 | El Pont de Suert | 15.6 | 0 pts |
| 221 | Bell-lloc d'Urgell | 15.6 | -0.9 pts |
| 221 | Maçanet de Cabrenys | 15.6 | -1.4 pts |
| 223 | Falset | 15.6 | -0.1 pts |
| 224 | Agramunt | 15.6 | -0.8 pts |
| 225 | L'Armentera | 15.6 | -1.2 pts |
| 226 | Ivars de Noguera | 15.6 | -0.6 pts |
| 227 | Sant Pere de Riudebitlles | 15.5 | -2.2 pts |
| 228 | La Torre de Fontaubella | 15.5 | -0.5 pts |
| 229 | Les Valls de Valira | 15.5 | -1.2 pts |
| 230 | Lladurs | 15.4 | -0.6 pts |
| 231 | La Ràpita | 15.4 | -0.5 pts |
| 232 | Vilafranca del Penedès | 15.4 | -0.8 pts |
| 233 | Palau-saverdera | 15.4 | -1.1 pts |
| 234 | Riudarenes | 15.3 | -1 pts |
| 235 | La Bisbal de Montsant | 15.3 | -0.2 pts |
| 236 | La Fuliola | 15.3 | -1.4 pts |
| 237 | Valls | 15.3 | -0.1 pts |
| 238 | Castell de Mur | 15.3 | -1.9 pts |
| 239 | Les Valls d'Aguilar | 15.2 | -1.2 pts |
| 240 | Mas de Barberans | 15.2 | -1 pts |
| 241 | Montblanc | 15.2 | -0.5 pts |
| 242 | Torroella de Montgrí | 15.2 | -0.1 pts |
| 243 | Sarroca de Bellera | 15.2 | -1.5 pts |
| 244 | Artesa de Lleida | 15.2 | -0.5 pts |
| 245 | Calonge de Segarra | 15.2 | -0.7 pts |
| 246 | Les Borges Blanques | 15.1 | -1.3 pts |
| 247 | Xerta | 15.1 | -0.6 pts |
| 248 | Capmany | 15.1 | -0.3 pts |
| 249 | Vilobí del Penedès | 15 | -1.1 pts |
| 250 | Súria | 15 | -0.9 pts |
Other periods
About this ranking
Residents aged 15 and over whose highest completed level is primary education or less (including people with no formal education, ISCED 0 and 1), as a percentage of all residents aged 15 and over, on 1 January. INE annual census.
Spain only, down to every municipality, from 2021. High in municipalities with older populations.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the municipalities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.Citation styles
APA 7
Invokely. (n.d.). Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE) (Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023) [Data set]. Calculated from data by INE. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus
MLA 9
Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE), Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023. Calculated from data by INE. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.
Chicago (author-date)
Invokely. n.d. Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023. Dataset. Calculated from data by INE. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus.
Harvard
Invokely (no date) Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE), Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023 [Dataset]. Calculated from data by INE. Available at: https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus (Accessed: 12 October 2026).
BibTeX
@misc{invokely_municipalities_in_catalonia_by_2023,
author = {{Invokely}},
title = {{Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE): Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023}},
howpublished = {Data set},
url = {https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus},
urldate = {2026-10-12},
note = {Calculated from data by INE. Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/catalonia-municipalities?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology\#primary\_or\_less\_share\_15\_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - Invokely
TI - Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE): Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023
PB - Invokely
DB - Invokely
UR - https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus
L2 - https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/catalonia-municipalities?period=2023
Y2 - 2026/10/12
N1 - Calculated from data by INE.
N1 - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/catalonia-municipalities?period=2023.
N1 - Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER -
Use this data in your AI agent
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Rank Municipalities in Catalonia by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain) using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"primary_or_less_share_15_plus","level":"municipality","within":"Catalonia","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=primary_or_less_share_15_plus&level=municipality&within=Catalonia&limit=10Questions
Which municipality has the highest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)?
Bovera, with 40.1% in 2023, according to INE.
Which municipality has the lowest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)?
Castell de l'Areny, with 1.5% in 2023.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Invokely, Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). Retrieved 2026-10-12.
Population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain): other rankings
- Municipalities in Ávila province
- Municipalities in Cádiz province
- Municipalities in La Rioja province
- Provinces of Spain
- Autonomous communities of Spain
- EU regions (NUTS 2)