Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)
Elvillar/Bilar had the highest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain) of 51 municipalities in 2023, at 22%. Zalduondo had the lowest, at 3.4%. The median was 12.2% and the figure for Álava province was 12.8%. Source: INE.
All municipalities, 2023
Full ranking
| Rank | Municipalities | 2023 (%) | Change on 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elvillar/Bilar | 22 | -1.1 pts |
| 2 | Baños de Ebro/Mañueta | 20.1 | -1.8 pts |
| 3 | Lanciego/Lantziego | 19.8 | -1 pts |
| 4 | Oyón-Oion | 19.2 | -0.3 pts |
| 5 | Harana/Valle de Arana | 19.1 | -2.4 pts |
| 6 | Samaniego | 19 | -2.7 pts |
| 7 | Villabuena de Álava/Eskuernaga | 18.8 | +0.4 pts |
| 8 | Laguardia | 17.4 | -1.1 pts |
| 9 | Lapuebla de Labarca | 17.4 | -1.4 pts |
| 10 | Navaridas | 16.9 | -2.6 pts |
| 11 | Laudio/Llodio | 16.3 | -0.9 pts |
| 12 | Elciego | 15.8 | -0.4 pts |
| 13 | Leza | 15.7 | -1.9 pts |
| 14 | Yécora/Iekora | 15.6 | -0.2 pts |
| 15 | Bernedo | 15.3 | -0.7 pts |
| 16 | Añana | 14.6 | -1.1 pts |
| 17 | Agurain/Salvatierra | 14.5 | -0.3 pts |
| 18 | Amurrio | 13.8 | -0.5 pts |
| 19 | Berantevilla | 13.7 | -1.2 pts |
| 20 | Legutio | 13 | -0.5 pts |
| 21 | Kripan | 13 | -0.5 pts |
| 22 | Valdegovía/Gaubea | 13 | -0.8 pts |
| 23 | Vitoria-Gasteiz | 12.6 | -0.6 pts |
| 24 | Campezo/Kanpezu | 12.5 | 0 pts |
| 25 | Labastida/Bastida | 12.2 | -0.4 pts |
| 26 | Ribera Baja/Erriberabeitia | 12.2 | -1.2 pts |
| 27 | Lantarón | 12.2 | -1.6 pts |
| 28 | Ayala/Aiara | 12.1 | -0.1 pts |
| 29 | Arraia-Maeztu | 11.6 | -1.6 pts |
| 30 | Okondo | 11.6 | -1.6 pts |
| 31 | Lagrán | 11.4 | -1.2 pts |
| 32 | Asparrena | 11.3 | +0.1 pts |
| 33 | Artziniega | 11.1 | -1 pts |
| 34 | Alegría-Dulantzi | 10.9 | -0.5 pts |
| 35 | Erriberagoitia/Ribera Alta | 10.8 | -0.4 pts |
| 36 | Zambrana | 10.2 | -1.1 pts |
| 37 | Urkabustaiz | 9.8 | -0.4 pts |
| 38 | Iruña Oka/Iruña de Oca | 9.7 | -0.5 pts |
| 39 | Moreda de Álava/Moreda Araba | 9.7 | -0.6 pts |
| 40 | Aramaio | 9.7 | -1.4 pts |
| 41 | Zuia | 9.6 | -0.3 pts |
| 42 | Iruraiz-Gauna | 9.2 | -0.9 pts |
| 43 | Barrundia | 8.6 | -0.2 pts |
| 44 | Peñacerrada-Urizaharra | 8 | -0.6 pts |
| 45 | Armiñón | 7.7 | -1.1 pts |
| 46 | Arratzua-Ubarrundia | 7.7 | -0.9 pts |
| 47 | Kuartango | 7.2 | -1.3 pts |
| 48 | Zigoitia | 6.9 | -0.7 pts |
| 49 | Elburgo/Burgelu | 6.6 | -1.1 pts |
| 50 | San Millán/Donemiliaga | 5.6 | +0.3 pts |
| 51 | Zalduondo | 3.4 | -0.6 pts |
Other periods
About this ranking
Residents aged 15 and over whose highest completed level is primary education or less (including people with no formal education, ISCED 0 and 1), as a percentage of all residents aged 15 and over, on 1 January. INE annual census.
Spain only, down to every municipality, from 2021. High in municipalities with older populations.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the municipalities are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.Citation styles
APA 7
Invokely. (n.d.). Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE) (Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023) [Data set]. Calculated from data by INE. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus
MLA 9
Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE), Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023. Calculated from data by INE. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.
Chicago (author-date)
Invokely. n.d. Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023. Dataset. Calculated from data by INE. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus.
Harvard
Invokely (no date) Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE), Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023 [Dataset]. Calculated from data by INE. Available at: https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus (Accessed: 12 October 2026).
BibTeX
@misc{invokely_municipalities_in_alava_province_2023,
author = {{Invokely}},
title = {{Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE): Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023}},
howpublished = {Data set},
url = {https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus},
urldate = {2026-10-12},
note = {Calculated from data by INE. Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/alava-province-municipalities?period=2023. Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology\#primary\_or\_less\_share\_15\_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - Invokely
TI - Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE): Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain), 2023
PB - Invokely
DB - Invokely
UR - https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus
L2 - https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/alava-province-municipalities?period=2023
Y2 - 2026/10/12
N1 - Calculated from data by INE.
N1 - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/primary-education-or-less-share-spain/alava-province-municipalities?period=2023.
N1 - Publisher attribution: Invokely calculation from Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). https://invokely.ai/docs/methodology#primary_or_less_share_15_plus. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER -
Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Rank Municipalities in Álava province by population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain) using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"primary_or_less_share_15_plus","level":"municipality","within":"Álava","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=primary_or_less_share_15_plus&level=municipality&within=%C3%81lava&limit=10Questions
Which municipality has the highest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)?
Elvillar/Bilar, with 22% in 2023, according to INE.
Which municipality has the lowest population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain)?
Zalduondo, with 3.4% in 2023.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Invokely, Población de 15 y más años con educación primaria o inferior entre población de 15 y más años (Censo anual, INE). Retrieved 2026-10-12.
Population with primary education or less, aged 15 and over (Spain): other rankings
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