US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services

California had the highest nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services of 51 states in 2022, at $35.88 billion. North Dakota had the lowest, at $239.37 million. The median was $2.29 billion and the figure for the United States was $229.35 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest35,884.3California

Lowest239.4North Dakota

Median2,289.751 states

United States229,354.1History

Map of states, 2022

Under 800
800 to 1,200
1,200 to 2,300
2,300 to 4,300
4,300 to 6,600
6,600 and over

USD million, 2022. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2022

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2022 USD million	Change on 2021
1	California Series break	35,884.3	+8.9%
2	Florida Series break	22,434.8	+21.4%
3	Texas Series break	21,239.6	+16.9%
4	New York Series break	19,419.8	+15.7%
5	New Jersey Series break	9,147.5	+14.4%
6	Illinois Series break	7,295.7	+12.9%
7	Pennsylvania Series break	7,104.5	+11.3%
8	Massachusetts Series break	6,816.6	+7%
9	Georgia Series break	6,715.9	+13.7%
10	Virginia Series break	6,433.2	+12.4%
11	Colorado Series break	5,334.9	+12.7%
12	North Carolina Series break	5,324.2	+16%
13	Ohio Series break	5,199.2	+11.6%
14	Maryland Series break	4,867.2	+11.3%
15	Washington Series break	4,770.4	+9.6%
16	Arizona Series break	4,693.7	+15.3%
17	Michigan Series break	4,641.6	+11.6%
18	Tennessee Series break	4,112.8	+15%
19	Connecticut Series break	3,550.3	+10.7%
20	Nevada Series break	3,083.2	+22.7%
21	Minnesota Series break	2,945.1	+9.4%
22	Utah Series break	2,736.8	+21.6%
23	South Carolina Series break	2,519	+13.2%
24	Oregon Series break	2,497	+5.1%
25	Missouri Series break	2,362.9	+12%
26	Louisiana Series break	2,289.7	+13.5%
27	Indiana Series break	2,281.5	+12.7%
28	Wisconsin Series break	2,257.6	+14.4%
29	Alabama Series break	1,862.8	+13.1%
30	Oklahoma Series break	1,653.5	+14.7%
31	Kentucky Series break	1,536.2	+14.5%
32	Delaware Series break	1,535.8	+38%
33	District of Columbia Series break	1,414.7	+15.9%
34	Kansas Series break	1,241.6	+12.3%
35	New Hampshire Series break	1,210.9	+9.7%
36	Idaho Series break	986.2	+11.1%
37	Arkansas Series break	925	+14.5%
38	Mississippi Series break	919.6	+14.8%
39	Iowa Series break	919.4	+14.7%
40	Wyoming Series break	906	+37.6%
41	Hawaii Series break	898.2	+11.3%
42	New Mexico Series break	845	+15.8%
43	Maine Series break	742.8	+8.7%
44	Rhode Island Series break	708.7	+15.2%
45	Montana Series break	664.5	+15.5%
46	Nebraska Series break	571.6	+5.8%
47	Vermont Series break	490.5	+10.5%
48	West Virginia Series break	442.3	+14.1%
49	Alaska Series break	365.4	+10.6%
50	South Dakota Series break	315	+6.2%
51	North Dakota Series break	239.4	+15.5%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services, 2022) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services, 2022. U.S. Census Bureau, 12 Dec. 2024, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-professional-services/us-states?period=2022. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2024. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services, 2022. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-professional-services/us-states?period=2022.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2024) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services, 2022 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-professional-services/us-states?period=2022 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2022,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services, 2022}},
  year = {2024},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-professional-services/us-states?period=2022. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services, 2022
PY  - 2024
DA  - 2024/12/12
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-professional-services/us-states?period=2022
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-professional-services/us-states?period=2022.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2022/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

Embed this chart

Paste this code into a web page or a blog post. The chart shows the latest figures as they are published, with the source and a link back to this page.

Embed code

<iframe src="https://invokely.ai/embed/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-professional-services/us-states?period=2022" width="760" height="500" title="US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services, 2022, chart from Invokely" loading="lazy" style="border:0;width:100%;max-width:760px" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin"></iframe>

Sites that read oEmbed links, such as WordPress, can show the chart when you paste the link to this page.

Use this data in your AI agent

Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:

Rank US states by nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services using official data, and cite the source.

rank_places {"indicator":"nonemployer_receipts_usd_professional_services","level":"region","within":"United States","limit":10}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=nonemployer_receipts_usd_professional_services&level=region&within=United%20States&limit=10

Connect Claude, ChatGPT or Cursor in one step. The trial answers 25 calls a day without an account.

Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services?

California, with $35.88 billion in 2022, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: professional, scientific and technical services?

North Dakota, with $239.37 million in 2022.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.