US states by nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation

California had the highest nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation of 51 states in 2023, at $12.24 billion. North Dakota had the lowest, at $77.32 million. The median was $559.18 million and the figure for the United States was $59.44 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest12,244.4California

Lowest77.3North Dakota

Median559.251 states

United States59,441.9History

Map of states, 2023

Under 200
200 to 300
300 to 600
600 to 1,100
1,100 to 1,500
1,500 and over

USD million, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2023 USD million	Change on 2022
1	California	12,244.4	+2.2%
2	New York	6,594.3	+6.3%
3	Florida	5,029.5	+4.3%
4	Texas	4,007.1	+4.6%
5	Tennessee	2,295	+7.8%
6	New Jersey	1,938.7	+4.6%
7	Pennsylvania	1,671.4	+7.2%
8	Illinois	1,629.5	+8.3%
9	Georgia	1,519.8	+0.5%
10	North Carolina	1,344.6	+5.5%
11	Ohio	1,306.2	+9.3%
12	Nevada	1,242.4	+2.9%
13	Massachusetts	1,221.6	+6.7%
14	Michigan	1,189.7	+3%
15	Arizona	1,135.9	+10.5%
16	Colorado	1,121	+8.4%
17	Virginia	1,086	+8%
18	Washington	1,043.4	+4%
19	Maryland	883.5	+5.5%
20	Minnesota	826.9	+6%
21	Connecticut	721.2	+2%
22	Oregon	653.6	+2.1%
23	Missouri	621.1	+10.6%
24	Wisconsin	590.3	+5.3%
25	Indiana	583.6	+4.4%
26	South Carolina	559.2	+5.7%
27	Louisiana	540.6	-2%
28	Oklahoma	509.7	+3.5%
29	Utah	502.1	+6.6%
30	Kentucky	450.2	+8.5%
31	Alabama	413.7	+6.2%
32	Delaware	318.8	+6.6%
33	Iowa	281.2	+1.9%
34	Hawaii	279.6	+4.5%
35	Kansas	275.9	+7.9%
36	New Mexico	258.1	+3.6%
37	Arkansas	249.8	+9.2%
38	Mississippi	222.9	+18%
39	Maine	222	+3.5%
40	New Hampshire	221.6	+7.6%
41	Montana	212.6	+5.4%
42	Idaho	204.5	+4.9%
43	District of Columbia	180.7	+8.5%
44	Nebraska	175.1	-1.5%
45	Rhode Island	171.6	+3%
46	Wyoming	140	+4.5%
47	Vermont	136.4	+0.8%
48	West Virginia	125.9	-5.7%
49	South Dakota	115	+8%
50	Alaska	96.8	+4.6%
51	North Dakota	77.3	+7.4%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-arts-entertainment/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation?

California, with $12.24 billion in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: arts, entertainment and recreation?

North Dakota, with $77.32 million in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), arts, entertainment, and recreation (NAICS 71), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.