US states by nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services

California had the highest nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services of 51 states in 2023, at $3.35 billion. North Dakota had the lowest, at $50.89 million. The median was $297.17 million and the figure for the United States was $25.95 billion. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

Highest3,349.8California

Lowest50.9North Dakota

Median297.251 states

United States25,951.1History

Map of states, 2023

Under 100
100 to 190
190 to 300
300 to 430
430 to 680
680 and over

USD million, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

USD million. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	States	2023 USD million	Change on 2022
1	California	3,349.8	+5.1%
2	Texas	3,179.3	+5.7%
3	Florida	2,582.5	+5.1%
4	New York	1,520.1	+8.4%
5	Georgia	913.7	+4.2%
6	Pennsylvania	866.8	+6.2%
7	New Jersey	864.2	+7.9%
8	Illinois	780.9	+3.8%
9	Ohio	688.7	+4.3%
10	North Carolina	662.1	+5.8%
11	Michigan	604	+2.3%
12	Tennessee	579.7	+7.5%
13	Virginia	553.6	+13.6%
14	Arizona	510.2	+7.8%
15	Colorado	469.7	+11.2%
16	Washington	456.8	+8.1%
17	Maryland	441.1	+14.2%
18	Wisconsin	428.3	+5.7%
19	Massachusetts	424.2	+11.6%
20	Louisiana	422.7	-4.9%
21	South Carolina	383.4	+5.9%
22	Indiana	353	+4.7%
23	Missouri	330.3	+4.9%
24	Oregon	328.6	+0.5%
25	Alabama	318.6	+3.9%
26	Minnesota	297.2	+6.4%
27	Oklahoma	288	+11.4%
28	Connecticut	275.5	+4.5%
29	Kentucky	246.9	+11%
30	Arkansas	244.9	+6%
31	Nevada	237.7	+3.5%
32	Utah	233.9	+14.2%
33	Mississippi	231.5	+6.8%
34	Hawaii	197.1	+4.7%
35	Iowa	174.7	+9.7%
36	New Mexico	151.7	+14.9%
37	Kansas	144	+6%
38	Maine	128.8	+11.4%
39	Montana	128	+6.8%
40	Idaho	116.9	+3.8%
41	Nebraska	113.5	+9.1%
42	New Hampshire	102.3	+0.4%
43	Alaska	96.6	-1%
44	West Virginia	78.1	+7%
45	Delaware	76.9	+7%
46	Rhode Island	71.6	+3.4%
47	Vermont	69.6	+7.5%
48	Wyoming	61.2	+23.9%
49	District of Columbia	60.9	+16.2%
50	South Dakota	60.1	+6.5%
51	North Dakota	50.9	+14%

Other periods

About this ranking

Receipts of businesses without paid employees in accommodation and food services (hotels, restaurants and bars) (NAICS 72), in millions of current US dollars, from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.

Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year. Receipts are published in thousands of dollars with noise added to protect individual businesses, and are not adjusted for inflation.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes (US states by nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/

MLA 9

Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-accommodation-food-services/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes. US states by nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-accommodation-food-services/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes, US states by nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-accommodation-food-services/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services, 2023}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-accommodation-food-services/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes: US states by nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services, 2023
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/05/15
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-accommodation-food-services/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-receipts-accommodation-food-services/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Questions

Which state has the highest nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services?

California, with $3.35 billion in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest nonemployer business receipts: accommodation and food services?

North Dakota, with $50.89 million in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: receipts (RCPTOT), accommodation and food services (NAICS 72), all legal forms and receipts sizes. Retrieved 2026-10-12.