US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities
Texas had the highest nonemployer businesses: utilities of 51 states in 2023, at 2,141. Alaska had the lowest, at 32. The median was 206 and the figure for the United States was 18,147. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.
Map of states, 2023
- Under 80
- 80 to 160
- 160 to 210
- 210 to 260
- 260 to 460
- 460 and over
All states, 2023
Full ranking
| Rank | States | 2023 | Change on 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Texas | 2,141 | +3.7% |
| 2 | Florida | 1,719 | +15.4% |
| 3 | California | 1,612 | +5.8% |
| 4 | New York | 1,566 | +24.9% |
| 5 | Pennsylvania | 894 | +13.7% |
| 6 | Massachusetts | 825 | +2.1% |
| 7 | New Jersey | 579 | +17.9% |
| 8 | Georgia | 541 | -1.1% |
| 9 | North Carolina | 488 | +4.7% |
| 10 | Illinois | 418 | +20.5% |
| 11 | Ohio | 380 | -3.3% |
| 12 | Colorado | 375 | +3.6% |
| 13 | Arizona | 366 | -3.4% |
| 14 | Maryland | 361 | -3% |
| 15 | Virginia | 339 | +7.6% |
| 16 | Washington | 322 | -5.3% |
| 17 | Minnesota | 281 | +3.7% |
| 18 | Tennessee | 256 | -3% |
| 19 | Michigan | 252 | -3.8% |
| 20 | Utah | 243 | +0.8% |
| 21 | Connecticut | 233 | +17.1% |
| 22 | Missouri | 227 | +12.4% |
| 23 | Indiana | 220 | +2.8% |
| 24 | Louisiana | 209 | +1.5% |
| 24 | South Carolina | 209 | +5% |
| 26 | Mississippi | 206 | -12.3% |
| 27 | Rhode Island | 195 | -10.1% |
| 28 | Iowa | 194 | -8.1% |
| 29 | Hawaii | 192 | +3.8% |
| 30 | Vermont | 186 | -3.1% |
| 31 | Oregon | 175 | -2.2% |
| 32 | Arkansas | 171 | -14.5% |
| 33 | Wisconsin | 167 | +17.6% |
| 34 | Alabama | 166 | -3.5% |
| 35 | Kentucky | 159 | -15% |
| 36 | Kansas | 135 | +0.7% |
| 37 | Oklahoma | 134 | -20.7% |
| 38 | Idaho | 132 | +0.8% |
| 39 | Nevada | 109 | -0.9% |
| 40 | New Mexico | 106 | -8.6% |
| 41 | New Hampshire | 91 | +8.3% |
| 42 | Montana | 86 | -7.5% |
| 43 | Maine | 74 | -18.7% |
| 44 | West Virginia | 73 | +1.4% |
| 45 | Wyoming | 64 | -16.9% |
| 46 | Delaware | 62 | +10.7% |
| 47 | South Dakota | 61 | +5.2% |
| 48 | Nebraska | 50 | +8.7% |
| 49 | North Dakota | 37 | -2.6% |
| 50 | District of Columbia | 34 | -5.6% |
| 51 | Alaska | 32 | -11.1% |
Other periods
About this ranking
Number of businesses without paid employees in utilities (NAICS 22), from the U.S. Census Bureau Nonemployer Statistics.
Nonemployer Statistics: businesses with no paid employees that are subject to federal income tax, mostly the self-employed, counted from tax records, with receipts above small minimum amounts. Census says some years are not comparable with earlier ones, and they are marked as series breaks: 2018 in every sector (businesses were reclassified from their descriptions, which moved many out of other services), 2022 in every sector (new receipts cutoffs) and 2017 in utilities (the same reclassification). Most nonemployers are sole proprietors whose business may be a side activity. Published about 18 months after the reference year.
Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.
How to cite
U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.Citation styles
APA 7
U.S. Census Bureau. (2025). Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms (US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
MLA 9
Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 15 May 2025, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-utilities/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.
Chicago (author-date)
U.S. Census Bureau. 2025. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms. US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-utilities/us-states?period=2023.
Harvard
U.S. Census Bureau (2025) Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms, US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-utilities/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).
BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_nonemployer_2023,
author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
title = {{Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities, 2023}},
year = {2025},
howpublished = {Data set},
url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/},
urldate = {2026-10-12},
note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-utilities/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY - DATA
AU - U.S. Census Bureau
TI - Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms: US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities, 2023
PY - 2025
DA - 2025/05/15
PB - U.S. Census Bureau
DB - Invokely
UR - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/
L2 - https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-utilities/us-states?period=2023
Y2 - 2026/10/12
N1 - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/nonemployer-businesses-utilities/us-states?period=2023.
N1 - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/nonemployer-statistics/datasets/2023/historical-datasets/. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER -
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Rank US states by nonemployer businesses: utilities using official data, and cite the source.
rank_places {"indicator":"nonemployer_establishments_utilities","level":"region","within":"United States","limit":10}
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Which state has the highest nonemployer businesses: utilities?
Texas, with 2,141 in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Which state has the lowest nonemployer businesses: utilities?
Alaska, with 32 in 2023.
Where does this ranking come from?
Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Nonemployer Statistics, state and US files: establishments (ESTAB), utilities (NAICS 22), all legal forms. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
US states: more rankings
- Nonemployer business receipts: other services
- Business revenue: utilities (Economic Census)
- Business revenue: health care and social assistance (Economic Census)
- Nonemployer businesses: administrative support and waste management
- Consumer spending on recreation services
- GDP by industry: educational services (private)
- Consumer spending on health care services
- Wage and salary jobs (OEWS)