Data / Rankings / Labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) / Counties in Michigan

Counties in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)

Kent County had the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate) of 83 counties in 2023, at 69.1%. Alger County had the lowest, at 40.6%. The median was 56.2% and the figure for Michigan was 61.4%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest69.1Kent County
Lowest40.6Alger County
Median56.283 counties
Michigan61.4History

Map of counties, 2023

Alcona County: 41.8 %Alger County: 40.6 %Allegan County: 61.9 %Alpena County: 53.7 %Antrim County: 55.4 %Arenac County: 53 %Baraga County: 44.4 %Barry County: 60.4 %Bay County: 59.1 %Benzie County: 54.8 %Berrien County: 60.4 %Branch County: 57.2 %Calhoun County: 59.3 %Cass County: 59 %Charlevoix County: 58.9 %Cheboygan County: 51.2 %Chippewa County: 53.9 %Clare County: 46.5 %Clinton County: 64.3 %Crawford County: 49.5 %Delta County: 51.3 %Dickinson County: 57.5 %Eaton County: 63.5 %Emmet County: 60.7 %Genesee County: 58.3 %Gladwin County: 47.9 %Gogebic County: 52.1 %Grand Traverse County: 64.2 %Gratiot County: 52.4 %Hillsdale County: 57.2 %Houghton County: 58.5 %Huron County: 55.4 %Ingham County: 64.4 %Ionia County: 59.3 %Iosco County: 46.7 %Iron County: 47.4 %Isabella County: 62.4 %Jackson County: 56.8 %Kalamazoo County: 66.3 %Kalkaska County: 54.8 %Kent County: 69.1 %Keweenaw County: 45.4 %Lake County: 42.7 %Lapeer County: 59.4 %Leelanau County: 52.8 %Lenawee County: 57.5 %Livingston County: 64 %Luce County: 41.4 %Mackinac County: 51.2 %Macomb County: 64 %Manistee County: 49 %Marquette County: 58.8 %Mason County: 54.2 %Mecosta County: 54.1 %Menominee County: 55.6 %Midland County: 59.3 %Missaukee County: 57.2 %Monroe County: 59.6 %Montcalm County: 56.1 %Montmorency County: 42.6 %Muskegon County: 59.3 %Newaygo County: 56.2 %Oakland County: 66.5 %Oceana County: 56.1 %Ogemaw County: 47.7 %Ontonagon County: 41.9 %Osceola County: 52.4 %Oscoda County: 44.6 %Otsego County: 62.1 %Ottawa County: 67.7 %Presque Isle County: 44.5 %Roscommon County: 42.9 %Saginaw County: 56.8 %St. Clair County: 60.4 %St. Joseph County: 61.1 %Sanilac County: 55.9 %Schoolcraft County: 50.8 %Shiawassee County: 59 %Tuscola County: 55.4 %Van Buren County: 58.4 %Washtenaw County: 63.5 %Wayne County: 59.4 %Wexford County: 56.1 %
  • Under 48
  • 48 to 54
  • 54 to 56
  • 56 to 59
  • 59 to 61
  • 61 and over
%, 2023. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

Top 40 counties, 2023

Kent County: 69.1 %Kent County69.1Ottawa County: 67.7 %Ottawa County67.7Oakland County: 66.5 %Oakland County66.5Kalamazoo County: 66.3 %Kalamazoo County66.3Ingham County: 64.4 %Ingham County64.4Clinton County: 64.3 %Clinton County64.3Grand Traverse County: 64.2 %Grand Traverse County64.2Livingston County: 64 %Livingston County64Macomb County: 64 %Macomb County64Eaton County: 63.5 %Eaton County63.5Washtenaw County: 63.5 %Washtenaw County63.5Isabella County: 62.4 %Isabella County62.4Otsego County: 62.1 %Otsego County62.1Allegan County: 61.9 %Allegan County61.9St. Joseph County: 61.1 %St. Joseph County61.1Emmet County: 60.7 %Emmet County60.7St. Clair County: 60.4 %St. Clair County60.4Berrien County: 60.4 %Berrien County60.4Barry County: 60.4 %Barry County60.4Monroe County: 59.6 %Monroe County59.6Wayne County: 59.4 %Wayne County59.4Lapeer County: 59.4 %Lapeer County59.4Midland County: 59.3 %Midland County59.3Ionia County: 59.3 %Ionia County59.3Muskegon County: 59.3 %Muskegon County59.3Calhoun County: 59.3 %Calhoun County59.3Bay County: 59.1 %Bay County59.1Shiawassee County: 59 %Shiawassee County59Cass County: 59 %Cass County59Charlevoix County: 58.9 %Charlevoix County58.9Marquette County: 58.8 %Marquette County58.8Houghton County: 58.5 %Houghton County58.5Van Buren County: 58.4 %Van Buren County58.4Genesee County: 58.3 %Genesee County58.3Dickinson County: 57.5 %Dickinson County57.5Lenawee County: 57.5 %Lenawee County57.5Hillsdale County: 57.2 %Hillsdale County57.2Missaukee County: 57.2 %Missaukee County57.2Branch County: 57.2 %Branch County57.2Jackson County: 56.8 %Jackson County56.8Kent County: 69.1 %Kent County69.1Ottawa County: 67.7 %Ottawa County67.7Oakland County: 66.5 %Oakland County66.5Kalamazoo County: 66.3 %Kalamazoo County66.3Ingham County: 64.4 %Ingham County64.4Clinton County: 64.3 %Clinton County64.3Grand Traverse County: 64.2 %Grand Traverse County64.2Livingston County: 64 %Livingston County64Macomb County: 64 %Macomb County64Eaton County: 63.5 %Eaton County63.5Washtenaw County: 63.5 %Washtenaw County63.5Isabella County: 62.4 %Isabella County62.4Otsego County: 62.1 %Otsego County62.1Allegan County: 61.9 %Allegan County61.9St. Joseph County: 61.1 %St. Joseph County61.1Emmet County: 60.7 %Emmet County60.7St. Clair County: 60.4 %St. Clair County60.4Berrien County: 60.4 %Berrien County60.4Barry County: 60.4 %Barry County60.4Monroe County: 59.6 %Monroe County59.6Wayne County: 59.4 %Wayne County59.4Lapeer County: 59.4 %Lapeer County59.4Midland County: 59.3 %Midland County59.3Ionia County: 59.3 %Ionia County59.3Muskegon County: 59.3 %Muskegon County59.3Calhoun County: 59.3 %Calhoun County59.3Bay County: 59.1 %Bay County59.1Shiawassee County: 59 %Shiawassee County59Cass County: 59 %Cass County59Charlevoix County: 58.9 %Charlevoix County58.9Marquette County: 58.8 %Marquette County58.8Houghton County: 58.5 %Houghton County58.5Van Buren County: 58.4 %Van Buren County58.4Genesee County: 58.3 %Genesee County58.3Dickinson County: 57.5 %Dickinson County57.5Lenawee County: 57.5 %Lenawee County57.5Hillsdale County: 57.2 %Hillsdale County57.2Missaukee County: 57.2 %Missaukee County57.2Branch County: 57.2 %Branch County57.2Jackson County: 56.8 %Jackson County56.8
%. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankCounties2023 (%)Change on 2022
1Kent County69.1-0.1 pts
2Ottawa County67.7-0.1 pts
3Oakland County66.5+0.1 pts
4Kalamazoo County66.3-0.3 pts
5Ingham County64.4-0.3 pts
6Clinton County64.3+0.5 pts
7Grand Traverse County64.2-0.2 pts
8Livingston County64-0.4 pts
8Macomb County64-0.1 pts
10Eaton County63.50 pts
11Washtenaw County63.5-0.2 pts
12Isabella County62.4+0.5 pts
13Otsego County62.1+1.6 pts
14Allegan County61.9-0.2 pts
15St. Joseph County61.1-0.6 pts
16Emmet County60.7-1.6 pts
17St. Clair County60.4+0.3 pts
18Berrien County60.4-0.7 pts
19Barry County60.4-0 pts
20Monroe County59.6-0.1 pts
21Wayne County59.40 pts
22Lapeer County59.4+0.1 pts
23Midland County59.3+0.2 pts
24Ionia County59.3-0.2 pts
24Muskegon County59.3+0.2 pts
26Calhoun County59.3-0.5 pts
27Bay County59.10 pts
28Shiawassee County59-0.6 pts
29Cass County59-0.3 pts
30Charlevoix County58.9-0.7 pts
31Marquette County58.8-0.4 pts
32Houghton County58.5+0.5 pts
33Van Buren County58.4-1.6 pts
34Genesee County58.3+0.1 pts
35Dickinson County57.5+0.1 pts
36Lenawee County57.5-0 pts
37Hillsdale County57.2+0.4 pts
38Missaukee County57.2-0.8 pts
39Branch County57.2+0.4 pts
40Jackson County56.8+0.1 pts
41Saginaw County56.8+0.1 pts
42Newaygo County56.2+0.2 pts
43Wexford County56.10 pts
44Montcalm County56.1+0.6 pts
45Oceana County56.1+0.2 pts
46Sanilac County55.9+0.1 pts
47Menominee County55.6-1.1 pts
48Antrim County55.4-0.4 pts
49Huron County55.4+0.3 pts
49Tuscola County55.4-0.3 pts
51Kalkaska County54.8+0.4 pts
52Benzie County54.8-0.4 pts
53Mason County54.2-0.3 pts
54Mecosta County54.1+0.6 pts
55Chippewa County53.9-1.6 pts
56Alpena County53.7-0.9 pts
57Arenac County53+0.5 pts
58Leelanau County52.8+1 pts
59Osceola County52.4-0.5 pts
60Gratiot County52.4+0.3 pts
61Gogebic County52.1+0.1 pts
62Delta County51.3-0.5 pts
63Cheboygan County51.2+0.6 pts
64Mackinac County51.2-0.7 pts
65Schoolcraft County50.8+0.1 pts
66Crawford County49.5-1 pts
67Manistee County49+0.2 pts
68Gladwin County47.9+1.2 pts
69Ogemaw County47.7+0.6 pts
70Iron County47.4-0.6 pts
71Iosco County46.7-0.2 pts
72Clare County46.5-1 pts
73Keweenaw County45.4-0.4 pts
74Oscoda County44.6+0.1 pts
75Presque Isle County44.5-0.2 pts
76Baraga County44.4-0.4 pts
77Roscommon County42.9+1 pts
78Lake County42.7+1.7 pts
79Montmorency County42.6+0.4 pts
80Ontonagon County41.9+0.9 pts
81Alcona County41.8+0.2 pts
82Luce County41.4+6.5 pts
83Alger County40.6-0.4 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

People aged 16 and over in the labor force (employed, unemployed or in the Armed Forces) as a percentage of all people aged 16 and over, including people in group quarters. United States: American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.

The Census Bureau definition used in its data profiles. It differs from the BLS labor_force_participation_rate, which counts the civilian noninstitutional population only.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the counties are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs (Counties in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat

MLA 9

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, Counties in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-counties?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs. Counties in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-counties?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs, Counties in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-counties?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_counties_in_michigan_by_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs: Counties in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-counties?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs: Counties in Michigan by labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate), 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/29
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-counties?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/labor-force-participation-rate-acs/michigan-counties?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2023/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2023-b23025.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which county has the highest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Kent County, with 69.1% in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which county has the lowest labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate)?

Alger County, with 40.6% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table B23025: population 16 years and over in the labor force as a percentage of the population 16 years and over, calculated with stored inputs. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Labor force participation rate (US five-year survey estimate): other rankings

Counties in Michigan: more rankings