EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP, Q1 2026

Greece had the highest general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP of 17 EU countries in Q1 2026, at 143.9% of GDP. Denmark had the lowest, at 25.1% of GDP. The median was 74.4% of GDP. Source: the Bank for International Settlements.

Highest143.9Greece

Lowest25.1Denmark

Median74.417 EU countries

All EU countries, Q1 2026

% of GDP. Source: BIS, BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

Rank	EU countries	Q1 2026 % of GDP	Change on Q1 2025
1	Greece Estimated	143.9	-9.3 pts
2	Italy Estimated	137.3	+1 pts
3	France Estimated	109.4	+2.6 pts
4	Belgium Estimated	100.5	+1.7 pts
5	Spain Estimated	98.5	-1.8 pts
6	Portugal Estimated	88.8	-4.5 pts
7	Finland Estimated	83.7	+4.7 pts
8	Austria Estimated	76.2	-0.3 pts
9	Hungary Estimated	74.4	+2 pts
10	Poland Estimated	60.2	+4.7 pts
11	Germany Estimated	58.7	+1.6 pts
12	Czechia Estimated	42.2	+0.2 pts
13	Netherlands Estimated	40.7	+0.2 pts
14	Ireland Estimated	34.2	+1.8 pts
15	Sweden Estimated	34.1	+1.2 pts
16	Luxembourg Estimated	27.9	+3.1 pts
17	Denmark Estimated	25.1	-3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Quarter-end consolidated gross core debt of general government at market value from all lender sectors, divided by nominal GDP over the latest four quarters, in percent. Differs from the nominal valuation used for Maastricht debt.

BIS core debt: loans and debt securities, plus currency and deposits for government. Includes domestic and foreign lenders. Households include non-profit institutions serving households; corporations include public and private non-financial corporations. Gross debt: financial assets are not deducted. Private sectors are unconsolidated; government is consolidated. Market valuation follows national sources; US private debt securities use face value. BIS break adjustments and some historical estimates are retained. Unlike World Bank domestic private credit, it excludes trade credit and covers all lender sectors. Not seasonally adjusted.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the EU countries are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Bank for International Settlements (BIS), compiled from central bank and other national sources. BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp. https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Bank for International Settlements. (n.d.). BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp (EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP, 2026-Q1) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1

MLA 9

BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp, EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP, 2026-Q1. Bank for International Settlements, https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-credit-gdp/eu-countries. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Bank for International Settlements. n.d. BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp. EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP, 2026-Q1. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-credit-gdp/eu-countries.

Harvard

Bank for International Settlements (no date) BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp, EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP, 2026-Q1 [Dataset]. Available at: https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-credit-gdp/eu-countries (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX

@misc{bank_eu_countries_by_general_2026,
  author = {{Bank for International Settlements}},
  title = {{BIS WS\_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp: EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP, 2026-Q1}},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-credit-gdp/eu-countries. Publisher attribution: Bank for International Settlements (BIS), compiled from central bank and other national sources. BIS WS\_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp. https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS\_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv\&startPeriod=1970-Q1. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}

RIS

TY  - DATA
AU  - Bank for International Settlements
TI  - BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp: EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP, 2026-Q1
PB  - Bank for International Settlements
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-credit-gdp/eu-countries
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/general-government-credit-gdp/eu-countries.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Bank for International Settlements (BIS), compiled from central bank and other national sources. BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp. https://stats.bis.org/api/v2/data/dataflow/BIS/WS_TC/2.0/Q.AD+AE+AF+AG+AI+AL+AM+AO+AQ+AR+AS+AT+AU+AW+AX+AZ+BA+BB+BD+BE+BF+BG+BH+BI+BJ+BL+BM+BN+BO+BQ+BR+BS+BT+BV+BW+BY+BZ+CA+CC+CD+CF+CG+CH+CI+CK+CL+CM+CN+CO+CR+CU+CV+CW+CX+CY+CZ+DE+DJ+DK+DM+DO+DZ+EC+EE+EG+EH+ER+ES+ET+FI+FJ+FK+FM+FO+FR+GA+GB+GD+GE+GF+GG+GH+GI+GL+GM+GN+GP+GQ+GR+GS+GT+GU+GW+GY+HK+HM+HN+HR+HT+HU+ID+IE+IL+IM+IN+IO+IQ+IR+IS+IT+JE+JM+JO+JP+KE+KG+KH+KI+KM+KN+KP+KR+KW+KY+KZ+LA+LB+LC+LI+LK+LR+LS+LT+LU+LV+LY+MA+MC+MD+ME+MF+MG+MH+MK+ML+MM+MN+MO+MP+MQ+MR+MS+MT+MU+MV+MW+MX+MY+MZ+NA+NC+NE+NF+NG+NI+NL+NO+NP+NR+NU+NZ+OM+PA+PE+PF+PG+PH+PK+PL+PM+PN+PR+PS+PT+PW+PY+QA+RE+RO+RS+RU+RW+SA+SB+SC+SD+SE+SG+SH+SI+SJ+SK+SL+SM+SN+SO+SR+SS+ST+SV+SX+SY+SZ+TC+TD+TF+TG+TH+TJ+TK+TL+TM+TN+TO+TR+TT+TV+TW+TZ+UA+UG+UM+US+UY+UZ+VA+VC+VE+VG+VI+VN+VU+WF+WS+YE+YT+ZA+ZM+ZW.G.A.M.770.A?format=csv&startPeriod=1970-Q1. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -

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Rank EU countries by general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP using official data, and cite the source.

rank_places {"indicator":"general_government_credit_gdp","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)","limit":10}
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Questions

Which EU country has the highest general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP?

Greece, with 143.9% of GDP in Q1 2026, according to the Bank for International Settlements.

Which EU country has the lowest general government core debt at market value as a share of GDP?

Denmark, with 25.1% of GDP in Q1 2026.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Bank for International Settlements, BIS WS_TC: G.A.M.770.A, quarterly, general government credit gdp. Retrieved 2026-10-12.