Data / Rankings / Enterprise birth rate / Provinces of Spain

Provinces of Spain by enterprise birth rate, 2023

Málaga province had the highest enterprise birth rate of 49 provinces in 2023, at 11.73%. Palencia province had the lowest, at 6.08%. The median was 7.7% and the figure for Spain was 9.11%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.

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Highest11.73Málaga province
Lowest6.08Palencia province
Median7.749 provinces
Spain9.11History

Map of provinces, 2023

Álava province: 7.4 %Albacete province: 7.7 %Alicante province: 10.67 %Almería province: 9.55 %Ávila province: 7.09 %Badajoz province: 7.84 %Barcelona province: 9.49 %Burgos province: 7.19 %Cáceres province: 7.73 %Cádiz province: 9.91 %Castellón province: 8.53 %Ciudad Real province: 7.46 %Córdoba province: 8.04 %A Coruña province: 7.26 %Cuenca province: 7.03 %Girona province: 9.07 %Granada province: 9.38 %Guadalajara province: 9.71 %Gipuzkoa province: 7.69 %Huelva province: 9.23 %Huesca province: 6.61 %Jaén province: 8.27 %León province: 6.7 %Lleida province: 7.58 %La Rioja province: 6.81 %Lugo province: 6.25 %Madrid province: 9.55 %Málaga province: 11.73 %Murcia province: 9.39 %Navarre province: 6.82 %Ourense province: 7.32 %Asturias province: 7.43 %Palencia province: 6.08 %Pontevedra province: 7.77 %Salamanca province: 6.85 %Cantabria province: 7.46 %Segovia province: 6.81 %Seville province: 9.38 %Soria province: 6.76 %Tarragona province: 9.07 %Teruel province: 7.29 %Toledo province: 8.62 %Valencia province: 10.24 %Valladolid province: 7.06 %Biscay province: 7.7 %Zamora province: 6.28 %Zaragoza province: 7.69 %Ceuta province: 8.08 %Melilla province: 10.42 %
  • Under 6.8
  • 6.8 to 7.3
  • 7.3 to 7.7
  • 7.7 to 8.5
  • 8.5 to 9.5
  • 9.5 and over
  • No data
%, 2023. Hatched areas have no value for this period. Source: Eurostat, Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r). Boundaries: Natural Earth (public domain).

All provinces, 2023

Málaga province: 11.73 %Málaga province11.73Alicante province: 10.67 %Alicante province10.67Melilla province: 10.42 %Melilla province10.42Valencia province: 10.24 %Valencia province10.24Cádiz province: 9.91 %Cádiz province9.91Guadalajara province: 9.71 %Guadalajara province9.71Almería province: 9.55 %Almería province9.55Madrid province: 9.55 %Madrid province9.55Barcelona province: 9.49 %Barcelona province9.49Murcia province: 9.39 %Murcia province9.39Granada province: 9.38 %Granada province9.38Seville province: 9.38 %Seville province9.38Huelva province: 9.23 %Huelva province9.23Girona province: 9.07 %Girona province9.07Tarragona province: 9.07 %Tarragona province9.07Toledo province: 8.62 %Toledo province8.62Castellón province: 8.53 %Castellón province8.53Jaén province: 8.27 %Jaén province8.27Ceuta province: 8.08 %Ceuta province8.08Córdoba province: 8.04 %Córdoba province8.04Badajoz province: 7.84 %Badajoz province7.84Pontevedra province: 7.77 %Pontevedra province7.77Cáceres province: 7.73 %Cáceres province7.73Albacete province: 7.7 %Albacete province7.7Biscay province: 7.7 %Biscay province7.7Gipuzkoa province: 7.69 %Gipuzkoa province7.69Zaragoza province: 7.69 %Zaragoza province7.69Lleida province: 7.58 %Lleida province7.58Cantabria province: 7.46 %Cantabria province7.46Ciudad Real province: 7.46 %Ciudad Real province7.46Asturias province: 7.43 %Asturias province7.43Álava province: 7.4 %Álava province7.4Ourense province: 7.32 %Ourense province7.32Teruel province: 7.29 %Teruel province7.29A Coruña province: 7.26 %A Coruña province7.26Burgos province: 7.19 %Burgos province7.19Ávila province: 7.09 %Ávila province7.09Valladolid province: 7.06 %Valladolid province7.06Cuenca province: 7.03 %Cuenca province7.03Salamanca province: 6.85 %Salamanca province6.85Navarre province: 6.82 %Navarre province6.82La Rioja province: 6.81 %La Rioja province6.81Segovia province: 6.81 %Segovia province6.81Soria province: 6.76 %Soria province6.76León province: 6.7 %León province6.7Huesca province: 6.61 %Huesca province6.61Zamora province: 6.28 %Zamora province6.28Lugo province: 6.25 %Lugo province6.25Palencia province: 6.08 %Palencia province6.08Málaga province: 11.73 %Málaga province11.73Alicante province: 10.67 %Alicante province10.67Melilla province: 10.42 %Melilla province10.42Valencia province: 10.24 %Valencia province10.24Cádiz province: 9.91 %Cádiz province9.91Guadalajara province: 9.71 %Guadalajara province9.71Almería province: 9.55 %Almería province9.55Madrid province: 9.55 %Madrid province9.55Barcelona province: 9.49 %Barcelona province9.49Murcia province: 9.39 %Murcia province9.39Granada province: 9.38 %Granada province9.38Seville province: 9.38 %Seville province9.38Huelva province: 9.23 %Huelva province9.23Girona province: 9.07 %Girona province9.07Tarragona province: 9.07 %Tarragona province9.07Toledo province: 8.62 %Toledo province8.62Castellón province: 8.53 %Castellón province8.53Jaén province: 8.27 %Jaén province8.27Ceuta province: 8.08 %Ceuta province8.08Córdoba province: 8.04 %Córdoba province8.04Badajoz province: 7.84 %Badajoz province7.84Pontevedra province: 7.77 %Pontevedra province7.77Cáceres province: 7.73 %Cáceres province7.73Albacete province: 7.7 %Albacete province7.7Biscay province: 7.7 %Biscay province7.7Gipuzkoa province: 7.69 %Gipuzkoa province7.69Zaragoza province: 7.69 %Zaragoza province7.69Lleida province: 7.58 %Lleida province7.58Cantabria province: 7.46 %Cantabria province7.46Ciudad Real province: 7.46 %Ciudad Real province7.46Asturias province: 7.43 %Asturias province7.43Álava province: 7.4 %Álava province7.4Ourense province: 7.32 %Ourense province7.32Teruel province: 7.29 %Teruel province7.29A Coruña province: 7.26 %A Coruña province7.26Burgos province: 7.19 %Burgos province7.19Ávila province: 7.09 %Ávila province7.09Valladolid province: 7.06 %Valladolid province7.06Cuenca province: 7.03 %Cuenca province7.03Salamanca province: 6.85 %Salamanca province6.85Navarre province: 6.82 %Navarre province6.82La Rioja province: 6.81 %La Rioja province6.81Segovia province: 6.81 %Segovia province6.81Soria province: 6.76 %Soria province6.76León province: 6.7 %León province6.7Huesca province: 6.61 %Huesca province6.61Zamora province: 6.28 %Zamora province6.28Lugo province: 6.25 %Lugo province6.25Palencia province: 6.08 %Palencia province6.08
%. Source: Eurostat, Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankProvinces2023 (%)Change on 2022
1Málaga province11.73+0.5 pts
2Alicante province10.67+0.56 pts
3Melilla province10.42+0.21 pts
4Valencia province10.24+0.9 pts
5Cádiz province9.91+0.01 pts
6Guadalajara province9.71+0.73 pts
7Almería province9.55+0.34 pts
7Madrid province9.55+0.53 pts
9Barcelona province9.49+0.72 pts
10Murcia province9.39+0.72 pts
11Granada province9.38+0.34 pts
11Seville province9.38+0.6 pts
13Huelva province9.23+0.16 pts
14Girona province9.07+0.7 pts
14Tarragona province9.07+0.35 pts
16Toledo province8.62+0.59 pts
17Castellón province8.53+0.71 pts
18Jaén province8.27+0.37 pts
19Ceuta province8.08-0.93 pts
20Córdoba province8.04+0.5 pts
21Badajoz province7.84-0.01 pts
22Pontevedra province7.77+0.21 pts
23Cáceres province7.73+0.34 pts
24Albacete province7.7+0.39 pts
24Biscay province7.7+0.24 pts
26Gipuzkoa province7.69+0.66 pts
26Zaragoza province7.69+0.55 pts
28Lleida province7.58+0.85 pts
29Cantabria province7.46+0.35 pts
29Ciudad Real province7.46+0.44 pts
31Asturias province7.43+0.59 pts
32Álava province7.4+0.25 pts
33Ourense province7.32+0.58 pts
34Teruel province7.29+1.55 pts
35A Coruña province7.26+0.08 pts
36Burgos province7.19+0.69 pts
37Ávila province7.09+0.2 pts
38Valladolid province7.06+0.6 pts
39Cuenca province7.03-0.04 pts
40Salamanca province6.85+0.59 pts
41Navarre province6.82+0.2 pts
42La Rioja province6.81+1 pts
42Segovia province6.81-0.28 pts
44Soria province6.76+0.37 pts
45León province6.7+0.09 pts
46Huesca province6.61+0.19 pts
47Zamora province6.28+0.83 pts
48Lugo province6.25+0.28 pts
49Palencia province6.08+0.54 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Enterprise births in the year as a percentage of the enterprises active in the same year. A birth is a new enterprise created from scratch, not by a merger, break-up or reactivation.

Eurostat and OECD harmonised business demography. Not comparable with establishment_entry_rate, which counts new locations of US businesses, including branches of existing firms.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the provinces are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

Eurostat. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

Eurostat, European Commission. (2026). Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r) (Provinces of Spain by enterprise birth rate, 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table

MLA 9

Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r), Provinces of Spain by enterprise birth rate, 2023. Eurostat, European Commission, 13 Mar. 2026, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-birth-rate/spain-provinces. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

Eurostat, European Commission. 2026. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r). Provinces of Spain by enterprise birth rate, 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-birth-rate/spain-provinces.

Harvard

Eurostat, European Commission (2026) Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r), Provinces of Spain by enterprise birth rate, 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-birth-rate/spain-provinces (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{eurostat_provinces_of_spain_by_2023,
  author = {{Eurostat, European Commission}},
  title = {{Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd\_size\_r): Provinces of Spain by enterprise birth rate, 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-birth-rate/spain-provinces. Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd\_size\_r). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd\_size\_r/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - Eurostat, European Commission
TI  - Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r): Provinces of Spain by enterprise birth rate, 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/03/13
PB  - Eurostat, European Commission
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-birth-rate/spain-provinces
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/enterprise-birth-rate/spain-provinces.
N1  - Publisher attribution: Eurostat. Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/bd_size_r/default/table. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which province has the highest enterprise birth rate?

Málaga province, with 11.73% in 2023, according to Eurostat, European Commission.

Which province has the lowest enterprise birth rate?

Palencia province, with 6.08% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: Eurostat, European Commission, Business demography by size class and NUTS 3 region, industry, construction and market services, all size classes, birth rate, percentage of active enterprises (bd_size_r). Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Enterprise birth rate: other rankings

Provinces of Spain: more rankings