Nominal unit labour cost, annual growth
Percentage change from the previous year in the nominal unit labour cost based on persons: compensation per employee divided by real labour productivity per person employed (GDP in chain-linked volumes per person employed).
Rises when pay grows faster than productivity. From the national accounts (ESA 2010). Ireland's GDP, and with it its productivity, is inflated and made volatile by the activities of multinational companies, notably the move of intellectual property to Ireland in 2015.
Key facts
- Nominal unit labour cost, annual growth in the European Union (27) was 3.3% in 2025, according to Eurostat, European Commission.
- Bulgaria had the highest nominal unit labour cost, annual growth of 26 EU countries in 2025, at 9.4%, and Ireland the lowest, at -3%. Source: Eurostat, European Commission.
- Published for 27 places, with figures from 2004 to 2025.
Rankings
EU countries by nominal unit labour cost, annual growth, 2025
Places with data
World, EU and euro area
Countries
- Germany
- France
- Italy
- Spain
- Poland
- Romania
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Czechia
- Portugal
- Finland
- Denmark
- Slovakia
- Greece
- Slovenia
- Austria
Use this data in your AI agent
Invokely serves this figure to AI assistants through MCP and to code through a REST API, with the source and citation attached. Ask your assistant:
Which places have the highest nominal unit labour cost, annual growth? Use official data and cite it.
rank_places {"indicator":"nominal_unit_labour_cost_growth","level":"country","within":"European Union (27)"}
GET https://invokely.ai/api/v1/rank?indicator=nominal_unit_labour_cost_growth&level=country&within=European%20Union%20(27)