Data / Rankings / Greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory) / US states

US states by greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory)

Texas had the highest greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory) of 51 states in 2017, at 842.91 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. District of Columbia had the lowest, at 3.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. The median was 106.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

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Highest842.91Texas
Lowest3.24District of Columbia
Median106.5751 states

Map of states, 2017

Alabama: 133.17 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlaska: 34.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArizona: 108.19 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArkansas: 92.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCalifornia: 425.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentColorado: 129.94 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentConnecticut: 37.72 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDelaware: 15.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDistrict of Columbia: 3.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFlorida: 274 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGeorgia: 163 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHawaii: 19.21 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIdaho: 35.02 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIllinois: 247.97 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIndiana: 211 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIowa: 120.84 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKansas: 112.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKentucky: 147.16 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLouisiana: 215.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaine: 17.13 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaryland: 64.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMassachusetts: 70.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMichigan: 188.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMinnesota: 135.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMississippi: 75.97 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMissouri: 163.18 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMontana: 55.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNebraska: 87.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNevada: 45.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Hampshire: 15.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Jersey: 106.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Mexico: 81.06 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew York: 193.77 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Carolina: 146.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Dakota: 85.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOhio: 241.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOklahoma: 146.61 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOregon: 52.16 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPennsylvania: 275.36 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRhode Island: 10.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Carolina: 80.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Dakota: 43.4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTennessee: 113.93 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTexas: 842.91 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUtah: 74 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVermont: 8.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVirginia: 125.51 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWashington: 88.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWest Virginia: 127.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWisconsin: 129.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWyoming: 92.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent
  • Under 36
  • 36 to 75
  • 75 to 110
  • 110 to 130
  • 130 to 190
  • 190 and over
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, 2017. Source: EPA state greenhouse gas inventory, EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2017

Texas: 842.91 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTexas842.91California: 425.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCalifornia425.86Pennsylvania: 275.36 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPennsylvania275.36Florida: 274 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFlorida274Illinois: 247.97 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIllinois247.97Ohio: 241.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOhio241.63Louisiana: 215.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLouisiana215.01Indiana: 211 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIndiana211New York: 193.77 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew York193.77Michigan: 188.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMichigan188.67Missouri: 163.18 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMissouri163.18Georgia: 163 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGeorgia163Kentucky: 147.16 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKentucky147.16North Carolina: 146.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Carolina146.63Oklahoma: 146.61 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOklahoma146.61Minnesota: 135.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMinnesota135.46Alabama: 133.17 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlabama133.17Colorado: 129.94 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentColorado129.94Wisconsin: 129.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWisconsin129.68West Virginia: 127.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWest Virginia127.8Virginia: 125.51 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVirginia125.51Iowa: 120.84 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIowa120.84Tennessee: 113.93 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTennessee113.93Kansas: 112.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKansas112.5Arizona: 108.19 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArizona108.19New Jersey: 106.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Jersey106.57Arkansas: 92.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArkansas92.67Wyoming: 92.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWyoming92.24Washington: 88.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWashington88.88Nebraska: 87.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNebraska87.67North Dakota: 85.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Dakota85.87New Mexico: 81.06 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Mexico81.06South Carolina: 80.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Carolina80.46Mississippi: 75.97 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMississippi75.97Utah: 74 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUtah74Massachusetts: 70.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMassachusetts70.86Maryland: 64.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaryland64.78Montana: 55.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMontana55.88Oregon: 52.16 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOregon52.16Nevada: 45.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNevada45.39South Dakota: 43.4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Dakota43.4Connecticut: 37.72 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentConnecticut37.72Idaho: 35.02 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIdaho35.02Alaska: 34.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlaska34.35Hawaii: 19.21 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHawaii19.21Maine: 17.13 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaine17.13Delaware: 15.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDelaware15.46New Hampshire: 15.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Hampshire15.26Rhode Island: 10.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRhode Island10.96Vermont: 8.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVermont8.53District of Columbia: 3.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDistrict of Columbia3.24Texas: 842.91 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTexas842.91California: 425.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentCalifornia425.86Pennsylvania: 275.36 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentPennsylvania275.36Florida: 274 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentFlorida274Illinois: 247.97 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIllinois247.97Ohio: 241.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOhio241.63Louisiana: 215.01 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentLouisiana215.01Indiana: 211 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIndiana211New York: 193.77 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew York193.77Michigan: 188.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMichigan188.67Missouri: 163.18 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMissouri163.18Georgia: 163 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentGeorgia163Kentucky: 147.16 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKentucky147.16North Carolina: 146.63 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Carolina146.63Oklahoma: 146.61 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOklahoma146.61Minnesota: 135.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMinnesota135.46Alabama: 133.17 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlabama133.17Colorado: 129.94 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentColorado129.94Wisconsin: 129.68 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWisconsin129.68West Virginia: 127.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWest Virginia127.8Virginia: 125.51 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVirginia125.51Iowa: 120.84 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIowa120.84Tennessee: 113.93 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentTennessee113.93Kansas: 112.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentKansas112.5Arizona: 108.19 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArizona108.19New Jersey: 106.57 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Jersey106.57Arkansas: 92.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentArkansas92.67Wyoming: 92.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWyoming92.24Washington: 88.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentWashington88.88Nebraska: 87.67 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNebraska87.67North Dakota: 85.87 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNorth Dakota85.87New Mexico: 81.06 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Mexico81.06South Carolina: 80.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Carolina80.46Mississippi: 75.97 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMississippi75.97Utah: 74 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentUtah74Massachusetts: 70.86 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMassachusetts70.86Maryland: 64.78 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaryland64.78Montana: 55.88 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMontana55.88Oregon: 52.16 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentOregon52.16Nevada: 45.39 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNevada45.39South Dakota: 43.4 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentSouth Dakota43.4Connecticut: 37.72 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentConnecticut37.72Idaho: 35.02 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentIdaho35.02Alaska: 34.35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentAlaska34.35Hawaii: 19.21 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentHawaii19.21Maine: 17.13 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentMaine17.13Delaware: 15.46 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDelaware15.46New Hampshire: 15.26 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentNew Hampshire15.26Rhode Island: 10.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentRhode Island10.96Vermont: 8.53 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentVermont8.53District of Columbia: 3.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalentDistrict of Columbia3.24
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Source: EPA state greenhouse gas inventory, EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2017
million tonnes of CO2 equivalent		Change on 2016
1Texas842.91+1.3%
2California425.86+0.1%
3Pennsylvania275.36+1.7%
4Florida274+0.2%
5Illinois247.97-1.6%
6Ohio241.63+0.7%
7Louisiana215.01+0.1%
8Indiana211-3.1%
9New York193.77-1.4%
10Michigan188.67-1.3%
11Missouri163.18+5.1%
12Georgia163-1.5%
13Kentucky147.16-4.9%
14North Carolina146.63-2.5%
15Oklahoma146.61-0.4%
16Minnesota135.46-0.1%
17Alabama133.17-3.7%
18Colorado129.94+0.7%
19Wisconsin129.68+2%
20West Virginia127.8+0.3%
21Virginia125.51-3.9%
22Iowa120.84+1%
23Tennessee113.93-3.5%
24Kansas112.5-2.6%
25Arizona108.19-0.6%
26New Jersey106.57-5.9%
27Arkansas92.67+0.4%
28Wyoming92.24+1.3%
29Washington88.88+2.2%
30Nebraska87.67-0.9%
31North Dakota85.87+1%
32New Mexico81.06+1%
33South Carolina80.46-3.3%
34Mississippi75.97-3.4%
35Utah74-0.3%
36Massachusetts70.86+0.1%
37Maryland64.78-7.7%
38Montana55.88+1.6%
39Oregon52.16+2.8%
40Nevada45.39-0.2%
41South Dakota43.4+6.8%
42Connecticut37.72-1.6%
43Idaho35.02+1.3%
44Alaska34.35+1.2%
45Hawaii19.21+1.7%
46Maine17.13-7.4%
47Delaware15.46-7.9%
48New Hampshire15.26-2.7%
49Rhode Island10.96+3.2%
50Vermont8.53-2.1%
51District of Columbia3.24-5.6%

Other periods

About this ranking

Gross greenhouse gas emissions of a US state or the District of Columbia, the sum of the transportation, electric power, industry, agriculture, commercial and residential sectors, without the land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) net flux.

More on how it is measured
  • In million metric tons of CO2 equivalent: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases weighted by their 100-year global warming potentials (IPCC AR5), from the EPA inventory of US emissions by state, which allocates the national inventory to the states with the same methods for every state.
  • Emissions are counted where they occur, so electricity is counted in the state that generates it, not the state that uses it.

A separate series from ghg_emissions_total (the EEA inventories of European countries); both leave out LULUCF. EPA says these estimates are not official state data: a state's own inventory can differ because it uses other methods, data or scopes. Each annual edition recalculates the whole series back to 1990.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2025). EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (US states by greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory), 2017) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals

MLA 9

EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent, US states by greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory), 2017. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 23 Apr. 2025, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-greenhouse-gas-emissions/us-states?period=2017. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2025. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. US states by greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory), 2017. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-greenhouse-gas-emissions/us-states?period=2017.

Harvard

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2025) EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent, US states by greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory), 2017 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-greenhouse-gas-emissions/us-states?period=2017 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{environmental_us_states_by_greenhouse_2017,
  author = {{U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}},
  title = {{EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent: US states by greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory), 2017}},
  year = {2025},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-greenhouse-gas-emissions/us-states?period=2017. Publisher attribution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
TI  - EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent: US states by greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory), 2017
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/04/23
PB  - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-greenhouse-gas-emissions/us-states?period=2017
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/state-greenhouse-gas-emissions/us-states?period=2017.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks by State. EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/state-ghg-emissions-and-removals. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory)?

Texas, with 842.91 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2017, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Which state has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions (EPA state inventory)?

District of Columbia, with 3.24 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent in 2017.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA greenhouse gas inventory by state: gross total of the six economic sectors, excluding LULUCF, million metric tons of CO2 equivalent. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings