Data / Rankings / Population speaking Spanish at home / US states

US states by population speaking Spanish at home

Texas had the highest population speaking Spanish at home of 51 states in 2021, at 28.7%. Maine had the lowest, at 0.9%. The median was 7.2% and the figure for the United States was 13.3%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest28.7Texas
Lowest0.9Maine
Median7.251 states
United States13.3History

Map of states, 2021

Alabama: 3.3 %Alaska: 3.5 %Arizona: 20.1 %Arkansas: 5.5 %California: 28.3 %Colorado: 11.1 %Connecticut: 12.1 %Delaware: 7.2 %District of Columbia: 9.1 %Florida: 22.1 %Georgia: 8 %Hawaii: 2.3 %Idaho: 8.1 %Illinois: 13.5 %Indiana: 4.7 %Iowa: 4.2 %Kansas: 7.7 %Kentucky: 2.7 %Louisiana: 3.7 %Maine: 0.9 %Maryland: 8.6 %Massachusetts: 9.4 %Michigan: 2.9 %Minnesota: 3.9 %Mississippi: 2.4 %Missouri: 2.6 %Montana: 1.4 %Nebraska: 7.7 %Nevada: 20.6 %New Hampshire: 2.5 %New Jersey: 16.6 %New Mexico: 25.7 %New York: 14.8 %North Carolina: 7.7 %North Dakota: 1.9 %Ohio: 2.3 %Oklahoma: 7.4 %Oregon: 8.9 %Pennsylvania: 5.2 %Rhode Island: 12.7 %South Carolina: 4.7 %South Dakota: 2.2 %Tennessee: 4.2 %Texas: 28.7 %Utah: 10.4 %Vermont: 1.2 %Virginia: 7.4 %Washington: 8.7 %West Virginia: 1 %Wisconsin: 4.6 %Wyoming: 4.6 %
  • Under 2.4
  • 2.4 to 4.1
  • 4.1 to 7.2
  • 7.2 to 8.6
  • 8.6 to 13
  • 13 and over
%, 2021. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2021

Texas: 28.7 %Texas28.7California: 28.3 %California28.3New Mexico: 25.7 %New Mexico25.7Florida: 22.1 %Florida22.1Nevada: 20.6 %Nevada20.6Arizona: 20.1 %Arizona20.1New Jersey: 16.6 %New Jersey16.6New York: 14.8 %New York14.8Illinois: 13.5 %Illinois13.5Rhode Island: 12.7 %Rhode Island12.7Connecticut: 12.1 %Connecticut12.1Colorado: 11.1 %Colorado11.1Utah: 10.4 %Utah10.4Massachusetts: 9.4 %Massachusetts9.4District of Columbia: 9.1 %District of Columbia9.1Oregon: 8.9 %Oregon8.9Washington: 8.7 %Washington8.7Maryland: 8.6 %Maryland8.6Idaho: 8.1 %Idaho8.1Georgia: 8 %Georgia8Nebraska: 7.7 %Nebraska7.7Kansas: 7.7 %Kansas7.7North Carolina: 7.7 %North Carolina7.7Oklahoma: 7.4 %Oklahoma7.4Virginia: 7.4 %Virginia7.4Delaware: 7.2 %Delaware7.2Arkansas: 5.5 %Arkansas5.5Pennsylvania: 5.2 %Pennsylvania5.2South Carolina: 4.7 %South Carolina4.7Indiana: 4.7 %Indiana4.7Wisconsin: 4.6 %Wisconsin4.6Wyoming: 4.6 %Wyoming4.6Iowa: 4.2 %Iowa4.2Tennessee: 4.2 %Tennessee4.2Minnesota: 3.9 %Minnesota3.9Louisiana: 3.7 %Louisiana3.7Alaska: 3.5 %Alaska3.5Alabama: 3.3 %Alabama3.3Michigan: 2.9 %Michigan2.9Kentucky: 2.7 %Kentucky2.7Missouri: 2.6 %Missouri2.6New Hampshire: 2.5 %New Hampshire2.5Mississippi: 2.4 %Mississippi2.4Ohio: 2.3 %Ohio2.3Hawaii: 2.3 %Hawaii2.3South Dakota: 2.2 %South Dakota2.2North Dakota: 1.9 %North Dakota1.9Montana: 1.4 %Montana1.4Vermont: 1.2 %Vermont1.2West Virginia: 1 %West Virginia1Maine: 0.9 %Maine0.9Texas: 28.7 %Texas28.7California: 28.3 %California28.3New Mexico: 25.7 %New Mexico25.7Florida: 22.1 %Florida22.1Nevada: 20.6 %Nevada20.6Arizona: 20.1 %Arizona20.1New Jersey: 16.6 %New Jersey16.6New York: 14.8 %New York14.8Illinois: 13.5 %Illinois13.5Rhode Island: 12.7 %Rhode Island12.7Connecticut: 12.1 %Connecticut12.1Colorado: 11.1 %Colorado11.1Utah: 10.4 %Utah10.4Massachusetts: 9.4 %Massachusetts9.4District of Columbia: 9.1 %District of Columbia9.1Oregon: 8.9 %Oregon8.9Washington: 8.7 %Washington8.7Maryland: 8.6 %Maryland8.6Idaho: 8.1 %Idaho8.1Georgia: 8 %Georgia8Nebraska: 7.7 %Nebraska7.7Kansas: 7.7 %Kansas7.7North Carolina: 7.7 %North Carolina7.7Oklahoma: 7.4 %Oklahoma7.4Virginia: 7.4 %Virginia7.4Delaware: 7.2 %Delaware7.2Arkansas: 5.5 %Arkansas5.5Pennsylvania: 5.2 %Pennsylvania5.2South Carolina: 4.7 %South Carolina4.7Indiana: 4.7 %Indiana4.7Wisconsin: 4.6 %Wisconsin4.6Wyoming: 4.6 %Wyoming4.6Iowa: 4.2 %Iowa4.2Tennessee: 4.2 %Tennessee4.2Minnesota: 3.9 %Minnesota3.9Louisiana: 3.7 %Louisiana3.7Alaska: 3.5 %Alaska3.5Alabama: 3.3 %Alabama3.3Michigan: 2.9 %Michigan2.9Kentucky: 2.7 %Kentucky2.7Missouri: 2.6 %Missouri2.6New Hampshire: 2.5 %New Hampshire2.5Mississippi: 2.4 %Mississippi2.4Ohio: 2.3 %Ohio2.3Hawaii: 2.3 %Hawaii2.3South Dakota: 2.2 %South Dakota2.2North Dakota: 1.9 %North Dakota1.9Montana: 1.4 %Montana1.4Vermont: 1.2 %Vermont1.2West Virginia: 1 %West Virginia1Maine: 0.9 %Maine0.9
%. Source: Invokely calculation with data from U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2021 (%)
1Texas28.7
2California28.3
3New Mexico25.7
4Florida22.1
5Nevada20.6
6Arizona20.1
7New Jersey16.6
8New York14.8
9Illinois13.5
10Rhode Island12.7
11Connecticut12.1
12Colorado11.1
13Utah10.4
14Massachusetts9.4
15District of Columbia9.1
16Oregon8.9
17Washington8.7
18Maryland8.6
19Idaho8.1
20Georgia8
21Nebraska7.7
22Kansas7.7
23North Carolina7.7
24Oklahoma7.4
25Virginia7.4
26Delaware7.2
27Arkansas5.5
28Pennsylvania5.2
29South Carolina4.7
30Indiana4.7
31Wisconsin4.6
31Wyoming4.6
33Iowa4.2
33Tennessee4.2
35Minnesota3.9
36Louisiana3.7
37Alaska3.5
38Alabama3.3
39Michigan2.9
40Kentucky2.7
41Missouri2.6
42New Hampshire2.5
43Mississippi2.4
44Ohio2.3
45Hawaii2.3
46South Dakota2.2
47North Dakota1.9
48Montana1.4
49Vermont1.2
50West Virginia1
51Maine0.9

Other periods

About this ranking

People aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of all people aged 5 and over. United States: American Community Survey five-year estimate, where the period shown is the last year of the five-year span.

Measures the language used at home, not English ability or Hispanic origin. Hispanic origin is hispanic_share.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs (US states by population speaking Spanish at home, 2021) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat

MLA 9

American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs, US states by population speaking Spanish at home, 2021. U.S. Census Bureau, 29 Jan. 2026, https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/spanish-spoken-at-home/us-states?period=2021. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs. US states by population speaking Spanish at home, 2021. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/spanish-spoken-at-home/us-states?period=2021.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs, US states by population speaking Spanish at home, 2021 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/spanish-spoken-at-home/us-states?period=2021 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_population_2021,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs: US states by population speaking Spanish at home, 2021}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/spanish-spoken-at-home/us-states?period=2021. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary\_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs: US states by population speaking Spanish at home, 2021
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/01/29
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/spanish-spoken-at-home/us-states?period=2021
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/spanish-spoken-at-home/us-states?period=2021.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs. https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/summary_file/2021/table-based-SF/data/5YRData/acsdt5y2021-c16001.dat. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest population speaking Spanish at home?

Texas, with 28.7% in 2021, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest population speaking Spanish at home?

Maine, with 0.9% in 2021.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, table C16001: people aged 5 and over who speak Spanish at home, as a percentage of the population aged 5 and over, calculated with stored inputs. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Population speaking Spanish at home: other rankings

US states: more rankings