Data / Rankings / Rental vacancy rate (US) / US states

US states by rental vacancy rate (US)

Arkansas had the highest rental vacancy rate (US) of 51 states in 2023, at 11.1%. Massachusetts had the lowest, at 2.5%. The median was 6.5% and the figure for the United States was 6.5%. Source: the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Highest11.1Arkansas
Lowest2.5Massachusetts
Median6.551 states
United States6.5History

Map of states, 2023

Alabama: 9.3 %Alaska: 4.9 %Arizona: 7.7 %Arkansas: 11.1 %California: 4.4 %Colorado: 5.1 %Connecticut: 3.8 %Delaware: 3.6 %District of Columbia: 7.4 %Florida: 8.5 %Georgia: 8.3 %Hawaii: 8.9 %Idaho: 5.2 %Illinois: 7.5 %Indiana: 10.5 %Iowa: 8.2 %Kansas: 8.3 %Kentucky: 3.5 %Louisiana: 8.4 %Maine: 2.9 %Maryland: 7.3 %Massachusetts: 2.5 %Michigan: 7.3 %Minnesota: 6.9 %Mississippi: 8.6 %Missouri: 7.4 %Montana: 4.5 %Nebraska: 4.9 %Nevada: 7 %New Hampshire: 4.7 %New Jersey: 3.1 %New Mexico: 5.8 %New York: 4.7 %North Carolina: 7.6 %North Dakota: 8.5 %Ohio: 5.5 %Oklahoma: 8.5 %Oregon: 6 %Pennsylvania: 6.1 %Rhode Island: 3.7 %South Carolina: 10.3 %South Dakota: 6.5 %Tennessee: 7.8 %Texas: 9.2 %Utah: 5.3 %Vermont: 3.5 %Virginia: 4.9 %Washington: 4.2 %West Virginia: 7.1 %Wisconsin: 5.1 %Wyoming: 4.4 %
  • Under 4.3
  • 4.3 to 5
  • 5 to 6.5
  • 6.5 to 7.5
  • 7.5 to 8.5
  • 8.5 and over
%, 2023. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages. Boundaries: U.S. Census Bureau cartographic boundary files.

All states, 2023

Arkansas: 11.1 %Arkansas11.1Indiana: 10.5 %Indiana10.5South Carolina: 10.3 %South Carolina10.3Alabama: 9.3 %Alabama9.3Texas: 9.2 %Texas9.2Hawaii: 8.9 %Hawaii8.9Mississippi: 8.6 %Mississippi8.6Florida: 8.5 %Florida8.5North Dakota: 8.5 %North Dakota8.5Oklahoma: 8.5 %Oklahoma8.5Louisiana: 8.4 %Louisiana8.4Georgia: 8.3 %Georgia8.3Kansas: 8.3 %Kansas8.3Iowa: 8.2 %Iowa8.2Tennessee: 7.8 %Tennessee7.8Arizona: 7.7 %Arizona7.7North Carolina: 7.6 %North Carolina7.6Illinois: 7.5 %Illinois7.5District of Columbia: 7.4 %District of Columbia7.4Missouri: 7.4 %Missouri7.4Maryland: 7.3 %Maryland7.3Michigan: 7.3 %Michigan7.3West Virginia: 7.1 %West Virginia7.1Nevada: 7 %Nevada7Minnesota: 6.9 %Minnesota6.9South Dakota: 6.5 %South Dakota6.5Pennsylvania: 6.1 %Pennsylvania6.1Oregon: 6 %Oregon6New Mexico: 5.8 %New Mexico5.8Ohio: 5.5 %Ohio5.5Utah: 5.3 %Utah5.3Idaho: 5.2 %Idaho5.2Colorado: 5.1 %Colorado5.1Wisconsin: 5.1 %Wisconsin5.1Alaska: 4.9 %Alaska4.9Nebraska: 4.9 %Nebraska4.9Virginia: 4.9 %Virginia4.9New Hampshire: 4.7 %New Hampshire4.7New York: 4.7 %New York4.7Montana: 4.5 %Montana4.5California: 4.4 %California4.4Wyoming: 4.4 %Wyoming4.4Washington: 4.2 %Washington4.2Connecticut: 3.8 %Connecticut3.8Rhode Island: 3.7 %Rhode Island3.7Delaware: 3.6 %Delaware3.6Kentucky: 3.5 %Kentucky3.5Vermont: 3.5 %Vermont3.5New Jersey: 3.1 %New Jersey3.1Maine: 2.9 %Maine2.9Massachusetts: 2.5 %Massachusetts2.5Arkansas: 11.1 %Arkansas11.1Indiana: 10.5 %Indiana10.5South Carolina: 10.3 %South Carolina10.3Alabama: 9.3 %Alabama9.3Texas: 9.2 %Texas9.2Hawaii: 8.9 %Hawaii8.9Mississippi: 8.6 %Mississippi8.6Florida: 8.5 %Florida8.5North Dakota: 8.5 %North Dakota8.5Oklahoma: 8.5 %Oklahoma8.5Louisiana: 8.4 %Louisiana8.4Georgia: 8.3 %Georgia8.3Kansas: 8.3 %Kansas8.3Iowa: 8.2 %Iowa8.2Tennessee: 7.8 %Tennessee7.8Arizona: 7.7 %Arizona7.7North Carolina: 7.6 %North Carolina7.6Illinois: 7.5 %Illinois7.5District of Columbia: 7.4 %District of Columbia7.4Missouri: 7.4 %Missouri7.4Maryland: 7.3 %Maryland7.3Michigan: 7.3 %Michigan7.3West Virginia: 7.1 %West Virginia7.1Nevada: 7 %Nevada7Minnesota: 6.9 %Minnesota6.9South Dakota: 6.5 %South Dakota6.5Pennsylvania: 6.1 %Pennsylvania6.1Oregon: 6 %Oregon6New Mexico: 5.8 %New Mexico5.8Ohio: 5.5 %Ohio5.5Utah: 5.3 %Utah5.3Idaho: 5.2 %Idaho5.2Colorado: 5.1 %Colorado5.1Wisconsin: 5.1 %Wisconsin5.1Alaska: 4.9 %Alaska4.9Nebraska: 4.9 %Nebraska4.9Virginia: 4.9 %Virginia4.9New Hampshire: 4.7 %New Hampshire4.7New York: 4.7 %New York4.7Montana: 4.5 %Montana4.5California: 4.4 %California4.4Wyoming: 4.4 %Wyoming4.4Washington: 4.2 %Washington4.2Connecticut: 3.8 %Connecticut3.8Rhode Island: 3.7 %Rhode Island3.7Delaware: 3.6 %Delaware3.6Kentucky: 3.5 %Kentucky3.5Vermont: 3.5 %Vermont3.5New Jersey: 3.1 %New Jersey3.1Maine: 2.9 %Maine2.9Massachusetts: 2.5 %Massachusetts2.5
%. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Full ranking

RankStates2023 (%)Change on 2022
1Arkansas11.1+0.6 pts
2Indiana10.5+1.7 pts
3South Carolina10.3+2.5 pts
4Alabama9.3+1.2 pts
5Texas9.2+1.3 pts
6Hawaii8.9+2 pts
7Mississippi8.6+0.2 pts
8Florida8.5+1.3 pts
8North Dakota8.5-3.7 pts
8Oklahoma8.5-0.1 pts
11Louisiana8.4+1.5 pts
12Georgia8.3+1.3 pts
12Kansas8.3-0.2 pts
14Iowa8.2+0.6 pts
15Tennessee7.8+0.5 pts
16Arizona7.7+1.5 pts
17North Carolina7.6+1.3 pts
18Illinois7.5+0.1 pts
19District of Columbia7.4-0.5 pts
19Missouri7.4+0.3 pts
21Maryland7.3+2 pts
21Michigan7.3+1.8 pts
23West Virginia7.1-1 pts
24Nevada7+1 pts
25Minnesota6.9-0.4 pts
26South Dakota6.5+0.6 pts
27Pennsylvania6.1+0.8 pts
28Oregon6+1.9 pts
29New Mexico5.8-0.2 pts
30Ohio5.5+0.2 pts
31Utah5.3+0.8 pts
32Idaho5.2+1.2 pts
33Colorado5.1+1 pts
33Wisconsin5.1+0.5 pts
35Alaska4.9-0.4 pts
35Nebraska4.9-0.3 pts
35Virginia4.90 pts
38New Hampshire4.7+0.4 pts
38New York4.7+0.4 pts
40Montana4.5+1.3 pts
41California4.4+0.5 pts
41Wyoming4.4-2.8 pts
43Washington4.2-0.5 pts
44Connecticut3.8+0.5 pts
45Rhode Island3.7-0.9 pts
46Delaware3.6+0.1 pts
47Kentucky3.5-1 pts
47Vermont3.50 pts
49New Jersey3.1-0.6 pts
50Maine2.9-1.1 pts
51Massachusetts2.5-0.3 pts

Other periods

About this ranking

Vacant housing units available for year-round use and offered for rent as a percentage of the rental inventory (renter-occupied units, vacant units for rent and units rented but not yet occupied). Annual CPS/HVS average for the United States and states. Seasonal and other off-market vacancies are excluded.

Annual CPS/HVS survey estimates, distinct from ACS five-year estimates. State figures have sampling uncertainty, so a small change need not be statistically significant. Revised columns published on a new basis replace the original year and are marked as series breaks. Pandemic restrictions changed interviewing in 2020 and 2021, affecting comparability. The 2025 average covers 11 months: October was not collected during the lapse in federal funding, increasing uncertainty.

Every value in the ranking comes from the same publisher and the same period, so the states are compared on one definition. Equal values share a rank.

How to cite

U.S. Census Bureau. Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages. https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

Citation styles

The publisher is the author. Invokely is named only as the place the figures were read, where a style asks for it.

APA 7

U.S. Census Bureau. (2026). Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages (US states by rental vacancy rate (US), 2023) [Data set]. Retrieved October 12, 2026, from https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx

MLA 9

Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages, US states by rental vacancy rate (US), 2023. U.S. Census Bureau, 28 Apr. 2026, https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx. Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rental-vacancy-rate/us-states?period=2023. Accessed 12 Oct. 2026.

Chicago (author-date)

U.S. Census Bureau. 2026. Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages. US states by rental vacancy rate (US), 2023. Dataset. Accessed October 12, 2026. https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx. Also distributed by Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rental-vacancy-rate/us-states?period=2023.

Harvard

U.S. Census Bureau (2026) Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages, US states by rental vacancy rate (US), 2023 [Dataset]. Available at: https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx, via Invokely: https://invokely.ai/rankings/rental-vacancy-rate/us-states?period=2023 (Accessed: 12 October 2026).

BibTeX
@misc{census_us_states_by_rental_2023,
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  title = {{Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages: US states by rental vacancy rate (US), 2023}},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {Data set},
  url = {https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx},
  urldate = {2026-10-12},
  note = {Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rental-vacancy-rate/us-states?period=2023. Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages. https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t\_3.xlsx. Retrieved 2026-10-12.},
}
RIS
TY  - DATA
AU  - U.S. Census Bureau
TI  - Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages: US states by rental vacancy rate (US), 2023
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/04/28
PB  - U.S. Census Bureau
DB  - Invokely
UR  - https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx
L2  - https://invokely.ai/rankings/rental-vacancy-rate/us-states?period=2023
Y2  - 2026/10/12
N1  - Accessed via Invokely, https://invokely.ai/rankings/rental-vacancy-rate/us-states?period=2023.
N1  - Publisher attribution: U.S. Census Bureau. Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages. https://www.census.gov/housing/hvs/files/annual25/ann25t_3.xlsx. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ER  -
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Questions

Which state has the highest rental vacancy rate (US)?

Arkansas, with 11.1% in 2023, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.

Which state has the lowest rental vacancy rate (US)?

Massachusetts, with 2.5% in 2023.

Where does this ranking come from?

Every value comes from one source and one period, so the places are comparable: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS) annual statistics, Table 3, rental vacancy rates by state, United States and states, annual averages. Retrieved 2026-10-12.

US states: more rankings